自考英语综合英语课文（1）

Lesson One Text

                                                     The Time Message

             Elwood N, Chapman

Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example, at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control!

    Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. If you don't make it work for you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem.

   Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The most time you waste, the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice.

Message1. Control time from the beginning.

Time is today, not tomorrow of next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term.

Message2. Get the notebook habit.

Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each Day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.

Message3. Be realistic.

Often you know form experience how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam. When you plan time for these things, be realistic. Allow for unexpected things. Otherwise you entire plan may be upset.

Message4. Plan at least one hour for each hour in class.

How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things: (1) you ability, (2) the difficulty of the class, (3) the grades you hope to achieve, and (4) how well you use your study time. One thing, however, is Certain; you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour, in many cases, two or three hours will be required.

Message5. Keep you plan flexible.

It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary. For example, before mid-term or final exams, you will want to give more time to reviewing. A good plan must be a little flexible so that special projects can be done well.

Message6. Study for sometime each class day.

Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. When you work out your schedule, try to include at least two study hours each day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.

Message7. Free on Saturday-study on Sunday.

It is good to stop all study activities for one full day. Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities. Sunday, one the other hand, seems to the best study day for many students. It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments. 

word   list （单词表）

message   n.  要旨，要点 
tricky  adj. (工作、问题等)微妙的，棘手的；（人）狡猾的 
beginning   n. 开始；起初 
semester  n.  （尤指美国大专院校的）学期 
cover   v. 处理 
duty   n. 任务 
management   n. 管理 
number one   adj. 最重要的；头号的 
seriously   adv.  真心地，当真地；认真地，严肃地 
once   conj. 一旦……（就……）
weekly   adj.  每周一次的  
follow   v.   遵照；沿用 
following   adj. 紧接着的 
realistic   adj. 现实可行的 
essay   n. 作文；短文 
quiz  n. 考查；测验 
upset   v.  打乱（计划等）；打翻 
ability   n.  能力；才智 
grade   n.  （考试或作业的）分数 
achieve   v. 获得 
flexible  adj.  灵活的 
re-plan   v.  重新计划
basis   n.  基础；根据 
project   n.  课题；科研项目  
mid-term  adj. 期中的 
solid  adj.  扎实的 
schedule   n. 计划表 
alive   adj. 起作用的；现存的；活着的
assignment   n.  （指定的）作业 
activity   n. 活动 
social   adj.  社交的；交谊的 
seem   v.  似乎；好像 
back   adj.  以前的；过去的
 proper   names 
elwood n. chapman 埃尔伍德·n·查普曼（人名）

Useful   Expressions(常用短语)

look  ahead    看前面；考虑未来 
at the beginning of   在……的开始 
plenty of  大量的 
have time on one’s hands  有许多时间 
towards the end of…    即将结束时 
work for  为……效力 
work  against  对……不利  
get the most out of  sth. 充分利用……的机会   
put… into practice  付诸实践 
allow for  考虑到 
at least 至少 
in… case  在…… 情况下 
on a weekly /daily basis  每周/每天 
work out   制定出 
seem to be  看来，好像 
keep sth./sb.  +  adj. 使 ……保持某种状况 
run out (of )  (被)用完，将尽　　  
     time is running out.
      i have run out of money. 
take… some time to do…   花…… 时间做… … 　　
     it will take us an hour to get there. 
depend  on 取决于，随……而定　　
     it depends on how many people are going    
so that  以便（用来引出目的状语从句）　　
     tell me your telephone number so that i can call you when i have time.   
catch up on  　赶上，补上　
      i have to catch up on my sleep. i didn’t sleep much last night.

Lesson Two Text

Hans Christian Andersen’s own fairy tale (1)

                  Donald and Louise Peattie

Once upon a time there was a poor boy who live in Denmark. His father, a shoemaker, had died, and his mother had married again

One day the boy went to ask a favor of the prince of Denmark. When the prince asked him what he wanted, the boy said.” I want to write plays in poetry and to act at the royal theater.” The prince looked at the boy, at his big hands and feet, at his big nose and large serious eyes, and gave a sensible answer. “It is one thing to act in plays, another to write them. I tell you this for your own good; learn a useful trade like shoemaking.”

So the boy, who was not sensible at all, went home. There he took what little money he had, said good-bye to his mother and his stepfather and started out to seek his fortune. He was sure that some day the name Hans Christian Andersen would be known all over Denmark

To believe such a story one would have to believe in fairy tales! Hans Christian knew many such tales. He had heard some of them from his father, who had worked hard at his trade, but liked to read better than to make shoes. In the evenings, he had read aloud form the Arabian nights. His wife understood very little of the book, but the boy, pretending to sleep, understood every word.

By day Hans Christian went to a house where old women worked as weavers. There he listened to the tales that the women told as they worked at their weaving. In those days, there were almost as many tales in Denmark as there were people to tell them.

Among the tales told in the town of Odense, where Andersen was both in 1805 was one about a fairy who brought death to those who danced with her. To this tale, Hans Christian later added a story from his own life.

Once, when his father was still alive, a young lady ordered a pair of red shoes. When she refused to pay for them, unhappiness filled the poor shoemaker’s house from that small tragedy and the story of the dancing fairy, the shoemaker’s son years later wrote the story of the dancing fairy, the shoemaker’s son years later wrote the story that millions of people now know as the red shoes. The genius of Andersen is that he put so much of everyday life into the wonder of his fairy tales.

When Hans Christian’s mother was a little girl, she was sent out on the streets to beg. She did not want to beg , so she sat out of sight under one of the city bridges. She warmed her cold feet in her hands, for she had no shoes. She was afraid to go home. Years latter, her son, in his pity for her and his anger at the world, wrote the angry story she’s no good and the famous tale the little match girl.

Through his genius, he changed every early experience, even his father’s death, into a fairy tale. One cold day the boy had stood looking at the white patterns formed on the window by the frost. His father showed him a white, woman-like figure among the frost patterns. “That is the snow queen,” said the shoemaker. “soon she will be coming for me.” A few months later he was dead. And years later, Andersen turned that sad experience into a fairy tale, the snow queen.

After the prince told him to learn a trade, Hans Christian went to Copenhagen. He was just fourteen years old at the time.

When he arrived in the city, he went to see as many important people as he could find –dancers, writers and theater people of Copenhagen. But none of them lent a helping hand to the boy with the big hands, the big feet and the big nose. Finally, he had just seven pennies left.

The boy had a beautiful high, clear voice. One day a music teacher heard him singing and decided to help him. He collected money from his fiends and gave it to the boy so that he could boy food and clothing while he studied singing.

Hans Christian was happier than he had ever been in his life. But soon his boy’s voice broke. The beautiful high voice was gone forever.

The boy soon found new friends who admired his genius. there was even a princess who gave him a little money from time to time for food and clothes. But Hans Christian bought little food and no clothes. Instead, he bought books and went to the theater.

word list（单词表）
  
fairy tale   n. 童话，神话  
fairy   n. 小仙子，小精灵   
shoemaker   n. 鞋匠  
shoemaking   n. 制鞋，补鞋 
prince  n.王子
princess n. 公主
poetry n.诗（总称）
act v.表演
royal  adj.王室的，皇家的
sensible  adj.（建议、主意等）合情合理的，明智的；（人）明智的，明白事理的

stepfather  n.继父
weaving  n. 编织
weaver n.织布工
unhappiness n.不幸福，不愉快
tragedy  n.悲剧，悲惨的事
dancer  n.舞蹈演员
genius n.天才；创造力
warm  v.（使……）变暖，暖和
for conj. 因为，由于
frost  n.霜
woman-like  adj.女人似的
figure  n.身影，人影
writer n.作家，作者
helping  adj.帮助的
finally  adv.最后，最终
beautiful美妙动听的
high高音调的，尖声的
break（男孩的嗓音）青春期时变低沉   

      proper names（专有名词）
  
Donald peattie唐纳德·皮蒂
louise peattie 路易丝·皮蒂
hans christian anderson汉斯·克里斯琴·安徒生
denmark丹麦
odense欧登塞（地名）
copenhagen哥本哈根（地名）

     useful   expressions(常用短语)

once upon a time很久以前 
ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
look at看着
believe in 相信，信任 
work hard at在……上下功夫
pay for sth.支付……的费用 
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
change/turn …into…把……改变成……  
arrive in /at到达  
for ever永远  
from time to time不时的，常常 
lend a helping hand to sb.帮某人一把 
pretend to do sth.假装做某事 
not… at all根本不，一点儿也不 
     he doesn’t know the meaning at all .
start out出发，动身 
    they started out to look for the lost boy. 
    we started out at 7 o’clock  
add sth. to sth.加上 
    please add your name to the list.  
out of sight从视线中消失（变得看不见） 
    the ship was soon out of sight    
    out of sight, out of mind.（谚语：不见就忘。）
because of由于 
    we didn’t go to the cinema because of the rain.

Wednesday, June 23, 2004

lesson Three Text

Hans Christian Andersen’s own fairy tale(II)

                   Donald and Louise Peattie

In Copenhagen, Hans Christian lived in an attic in an old house, where he had a good view of the city. But there was one big fact that he could not see right under his own nose. The plays and poetry that he wrote were not very good.

Hans Christian made friends with a few kind people. Among them was Jonas Collin of the Royal Theater. This kind man collected funds from friends to send the young writer to school. Hans felt most at ease with children. He ate his dinner in turn at the homes of six friends. In each home the children begged him for stories

.

Hans told a tale so vividly that you could see and hear toy soldiers marching and toy horse galloping. And he could make the most wonderful papercuts. These are kept today in the Andersen Museum, which is in the house where he was born in Odense.

Andersen remained single all his life. The good Collin family-three generations of them-became all the family he was ever to have. They all loved him, but they advised him not to write any more poetry and plays, and to try to get a government job. They talked as he later made the animals talk in his stories:” I tell you this for your own good,” said the Han to the Ugly Duckling,” you should learn to lay eggs like me.” In The Ugly Duckling Hans Christian told the story of his own life.

When his first book of fairy tales was published in 1835, Andersen didn’t think it would be successful, but children read the stories and wanted more. So, encouraged by their interest, he began what we know today as his great work, for 37 year, a new book of Andersen’s fairy tales come out each Christmas. The books were full of everyday truth, of wonder, of sad beauty, of humor. Children an their parents had never read such tales before.

Andersen’s tales ate a poet’s way of telling us the truth about our selves. He looked deeply into the heart of things. Even in a child’s toy lost in the street, he could see some story with the light of gold in it. All of us laugh at the humor of The Emperor’s New Cloths, but we remember the story every time men pretend to be something that they are not.

Although he was now famous, he was more kind-hearted that ever. One day on the street he met a man who had once treated him badly. The old and unhappy man said that he was sorry for what he had done. Andersen forgave the man and comforted him. The prince who had told Andersen to learn a useful trade was now the King. He invited the writer to his palace and told him that he might ask for nay favor. Andersen replied simply,” But I don’t need anything at all.”

He was already loved all over the world. The awkward figure and kind ugly face had become so famous that his friends, the children, recognized him wherever he was. His wherever he was. His books were translated into many different languages and read all over the world. He was received at the royal courts of Europe and admired by many kings.

The greatest writers of the day, form dickens to Victor Hugo, looked upon him as one of themselves. Among them, he at last learned happily that “it doesn’t matter if you are born in a duck-yard, as long as you come from a swan’s egg”

Happiest of all was the day he returned to the “suck-yard,” nearly 50 years after he had left it. All Odense took part in the great tales. A great dinner was held in his honor. That night, hundreds of people came to his window and celled to him.

What was then in his full heart-that gentle heart that had been lonely for so long-was best expressed in his own words:” To God and man, my thanks, my love.”

word list（单词表）

attic n.阁楼，顶楼
view  n.（从特定处看到的）景色 
fund  n.资金，现款
vividly  adv.生动地 
march  v. 行进，行军 
gallop v.（指马等或骑者）飞奔，奔驰
papercut  n.剪纸 
publish  v.出版（书籍、期刊等） 
humor,humor  n.(美/英)幽默  
deeply  adv.深刻地
heart  n.实质，感情 
emperor  n.皇帝 
kind-hearted  adj.好心的，仁慈的
unhappy  adj.不幸福的，不愉快的
happily  adv. 幸福地，愉快地 
comfort  v.安慰（某人）
awkward adj.（动作或形态）难看的；笨拙的 
figure n.形态，体形
court  n.宫廷
day  n.时代
duck-yard  n.鸭圈
swan  n.天鹅 
celebration  n.庆祝
prince  n.（某领域中的）优秀或杰出人物
full  adj.丰富的   
   
      proper names（专有名词）

jonas collin乔纳斯·科林（人名） 
europe欧洲 
dickens(人名)
victor hugo维克托·雨果(人名) 

      useful   expressions(常用短语)

have a good view of清楚看到
make friends with sb.与某人交朋友 
send sb.to school供某人上学  
be full of充满
laugh at嘲笑
feel/be at ease with sb.与某人相处感到轻松惬意
ask for sth.请求或要求某物
translate…into…把……翻译成……
at last最后，终于
in turn轮流，依次 
    the president shook hands in turn with the people greeting him.
come out出版 
    when will this book come out ? 
so…that如此……以至于  
    she is so fat that she can't move easily. 
look upon …as把……看做……
    i looked upon you as a close friend.
   john is looked upon as the best basketball player in his class.
be in sb.'s /sth.'s  honour；be in honour of sb./sth. 向……表示敬意；
                                                       为庆祝……；为纪 念
    a party will be held in honour  of the visiting president.

Thursday, June 24, 2004

Lesson Four Text

This Life

Sidney pointier

It is the first time I have ever been on a stage-I don’t even know what a stage looks like –but I’m up there now and I open this” script,” but I don’t know what it is. The director tells me to read the part of “John.” Everywhere I see “John” I must read everything under that.

Then I see him sitting in a front seat staring at me with the strangest look. He says. “Get off the stage” I say, “What do you mean?” He says, “Just come on down off that stage and stop wasting my time. You’re no actor. You don’t even know how to read.”

I leave and walk off down 135^th Street saying to my self,”You can hardly read. You can’t be an actor and you’re not able to read.” I begin to think about what he’s said to me. Now I Know I can’t read too well. Here I am eighteen years of age, and if I live to be eighty, for the next sixty-two years I’m going to be a dishwasher. I’m not going to be able to make people notice me.

During the next six month, I spent as much times possible reading. One of the restaurants I worked in during that period was in Astoria, long Island. The work was hard and heavy, but we would have most the dishes cleared away by 11:00 or 11:15 p.m. It was my custom to sit out near the kitchen door and read the newspaper.

At the waiters ’table there was a old Jewish man who used to watch me trying go read that paper. I asked him one night what a word meant and he told me. I thanked him and went back to my paper. He went on watching me for a few seconds and then said “do you run across a lot of words you don’t understand?” I said “A lot-because I’m just beginning to learn to read well,” and he said, “I’ll sit with you here and work with you for a while.”

So at about eleven every night when he sat sown for his meal, I would come out of the kitchen and sit down next to him and read articles from the front page of the paper. When I ran into a word I didn’t know (and I didn’t know half of article, become any word longer than a couple of syllables gave me trouble)  he explained the meaning of the word and gave me the pronunciation. Then he’d send me back to the sentence so I could understand the word in context.

Then I would take the paper away with me, armed now with the meaning of those words, and reread and reread the article so that the meaning of those words would get locked into my memory. Every evening we did that.

I stayed there at that job for about five or six weeks and learned from him a way to study, and then I went off to other jobs. I have never been able to thank him properly because I never knew then what an enormous contribution he was making to my life. He was wonderful, and a little bit of him is in everything I do.

After that, I always looked for the meaning of words, and when I ran into words I couldn’t pronounce and didn’t understand, I would work on them until I began to understand. I would keep going over and over the sentence they were in, and after a while I would begin to get an idea of what the word meant just by repeating the sentence. That became a habit, as did all the other things he left me with.

Word List（单词表）

script  n.（戏剧、电影等）剧本，脚本
part  n. （戏剧、电影等角色的）台词
look  n.样子，表情 
no  adj.完全不是，绝不是 
dishwasher  n.洗碟工；洗碗机 
heavy  adj.繁重的；费力的 
p.m.  abbr.（post meridiem的缩写）下午，午后
Jewish  adj.犹太族的
syllable   n.音节 
context  n.上下文
armed  adj.具备……知识或技能的；有……装备的
reread  v.重读，再读
enormous  adj.巨大的，极大的 
contribution  n.贡献
 
      Proper Names（专有名词）

Sidney Poitier 悉尼·波蒂埃(人名)
John  约翰（人名）
Astoria，Long Island  长岛的阿斯托里亚（地名）

       Useful   Expressions
           
           (常用短语)

see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 
stare at 盯着 
get off从……下来，下车 
say to oneself 自言自语 
be able to do能够做 
think about sth.考虑某事
spend…time(in)doing花……时间做某事
make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 
clear away清除
run across/into sb./sth.偶然碰到 
a couple of几个
make a contribution to为……做出贡献 
take sth. away (with sb.)带走
look for寻找
go over认真学习
begin to do sth.开始做某事 
used to do sth.过去常常做某事
    He used to go for a walk in the park when he was young.
get/have an idea (of)知道，懂得
    I have no idea what I should do.
    I’m sorry,I have no idea of that.

Thursday, June 24, 2004

Lesson Five Text

Night Watch

Roy Popkin

The story began an a downtown Brooklyn street corner An elderly man had collapsed while crossing the street, and an ambulance rushed him to Kings County Hospital. There, when he came to now and again, the man repeatedly called for his son.

From worn letter found in his pocket, an emergency-room nurse learned that his son was a Marine stationed in North Carolina. It seemed there were no other relatives.

Someone at the hospital called the red cross office in Brooklyn, and a request for the boy to rush to Brooklyn was sent to the red cross director of the north Carolina marine corps camp. Because time was short-the patient was dying-the red cross man and officer set out in a jeep. They found the young man wading through some marshes in a military exercise. He was rushed to the airport in time to catch the one plane that might enable him to reach him to reach his father.

It was mid-evening when the young Marine walked into the entrance lobby of Kings county Hospital. A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside.

“Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times before the patient’s opened. The medicine he had been given because of the pain from his heart attack made his eyes weak and he only dimly saw the young man in Marine Corps uniform standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The Marine wrapped his strong fingers around the old man’s limp ones, squeezing a message of love and encouragement. The nurse brought a chair, so the marine could sit by the bed.

Nights are long on hospitals, but all through the Marine the night the young Marine sat there in the dimly-lit ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering words of hope and strength. Occasionally, the nurse suggested that the Marine rest for a while. He refused.

Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was there, but he paid no attention to her and the night noises of the hospital-the clanking of an oxygen tank, the laughter of night-staff members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans and snores of other patients. Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only held tightly to his son through most of the night.

It was nearly dawn when the patient died. The Marine placed on the bed the lifeless hand he had been holding, and went to tell the nurse. While she did what she had to do, he smoked a cigarette-his fist since he got to the hospital.

Finally, she returned to the nurse’s station. Where he was waiting. She started to offer words of sympathy, but the Marine interrupted her. “Who was that man?” he asked.

“He was you father” she answered, startled.

“No, he wasn’t,” the Marine replied. “I never saw him before in my life.”

“Why didn’t  you say something when I took you to him?” the nurse asked.

“I knew immediately there’d been a mistake, but I also knew he needed his son, and his son just wasn’t here. When I realized he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, I guessed he really needed mo. So I stayed.”

With that, the Marine turned and left the hospital. Two days later a message come in from the North Carolina Marine Corps base informing the Brooklyn for his gather’s funeral. It turned out there had been two Marines with the same name and similar numbers in the camp. Someone in the personnel office had pulled out the wrong record.

But the wrong Marine had become the right son at the right time. And he proved, in a very human way, that there are people who care what happens to their fellow men.

word  list   单词表

watch  n.看护，守候（病人）
elderly adj. 年长的
collapse  v. (因病，累等)晕倒 
ambulance  n. 救护车
rush v. 急速将……送往 
repeatedly  adv.  一再,反复地
wear v.磨损 
emergency-room  n. 急诊室  
marine n. （美国海军陆战队）士兵或军官
station  v.驻扎 
station  n.值班处
corps  n.特种部队，兵团 
jeep  n.越野车，吉普车 
wade  v涉水而行 
marsh  n.沼泽地，湿地 
military adj.军事的 
enable  v.使（人）能够…… 
reach  v.到达……（某人）处，抵达（某地） 
lobby  n.（旅馆、剧院、医院等的）大厅 
serviceman  n.军人 
bedside  n.病床边，床边 
weak  adj.虚弱的，软弱的 
dimly  adv.模糊地，蒙眬地 
oxygen  n.氧气 
tent  n.（氧气）罩 
wrap  v. 裹……包…… 
limp  adj.没劲的，无力的，没精神的 
squeeze  v.紧握；挤 
encouragement  n.鼓励 
dimly-lit  adj.光线暗淡的 
ward  n.病房 
occasionally  adv.偶然地，不时 
clanking n.发出叮当声  
tank  n.（盛液体或气体的）箱，罐或桶 
laughter  n.笑声 
night-staff  n.夜班工作人员 
exchange  v.交换 
moan  n.呻吟声 
snore  n.鼾声，呼噜声 
tightly  adv.紧紧地 
lifeless  adj.无生命的，死的 
sympathy  n.同情 
startle  v.使……惊讶 
base  n.（军队等）基地，大本营 
inform  v.通知，告诉 
funeral  n.葬礼 
personnel  n.人事部，人员 
human  adj.有人情的，好心肠的 
fellow  n.（在名词前）身份相同的

      proper names  专有名词

Roy popkin 罗伊·波普金（人名） 
Brooklyn布 鲁克林区（美国纽约市行政区名）
north Carolina（美国）北卡罗来纳州

      useful   expressions   常用短语

rush sb. to…   快速送某人去……     
in time及时 
enable sb. to do sth.使得某人能做某事 
take…to…带……去…… 
reach out one’s hand伸出某人的手 
all through the night整个夜晚   
pay attention to sth.注意  
now and then偶尔，不时 
hold (tightly) to sth.紧抓住  
return to…回到…… 
on one’s way to…在去……的路上  
come on醒过来，苏醒
    the patient came to three hours after the operation.
too …to do…如此……以至于不能…… 
    she is too young to go to school.
turn out that/to (be/do)原来是，到头来 
 it turned out that the man who called me this morning was my old classmate.         
 the man who called me this morning turned out to be my old classmate. 
happen to发生于……身上
 she is so thin and weak. What has happened to her?

1.It is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn these meanings from teachers and grammars, and that dictionaries and grammar books are the highest authority in matters of meaning and usage. Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say.I once got into an argument with an English woman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary. The English woman said firmly, “what for? I am English. I was born and brought up in England. The way I speak is English.” Such confidence about one’s own language is not uncommon among the English. In the united states , however, anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as out of his mind.

2.Let us see how dictionary are made and how the editors arrive at definitions. What follows applies only to those dictionary offices where firsthand research goes on – not those in which editors simply copy existing dictionaries. The task of writing a dictionary begins with reading huge amounts of the literature of the period or subject that the dictionary is to cover. As the editors read, they copy on cards(介詞短語作狀語,置于賓語之前) every unusual use of a common word , a large number of common words in their ordinary uses, and also the sentences in which each of these words appears.

3.That is to say, the context of each word is collected, along with the word itself. For a really big job of dictionary writing, such as the Oxford English Dictionary, millions of such cards are collected, and the task of editing occupies decades. As the cards are collected, they are arranged in alphabetical order. When the sorting is completed, there will be for each word (因主語太長,介詞短語放在了主語的前面)anywhere from two or three to several hundred sentences (主語)(anywhere from to /anywhere between and 大約…到…之間), each on its card, which illustrate the meaning and use of the word.

4.To define a word, then, the dictionary editor places before him(前置) all the cards illustrating that word; each of the cards represents an actual use of the word by a writer of some importance. He reads the cards carefully, throws away some, rereads the rest, and divides them up according to what he thinks are the several senses of the word. Finally , he writes his definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule that each definition must be based on what the sentences in front of him show about the meanings of the word. The editor cannot be influenced by what he thinks a given word ought to mean. He must work according to the cards, or not at all.

5.The writing a dictionary, therefore, is not a task of setting up ruling statements about the “true meanings” of words, but a task of recording, to the best of one’s ability, what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past. The writer of a dictionary is a historian , not a lawgiver. If, for example, we had been writing a dictionary in 1890, or even as late as 1919, we could have said that the word “ broadcast” means “to scatter” (seed, for example), but we could not have laid down that from 1919 on the most common meaning of the word should become “to send out programs by radio or television.” To regard the dictionary as an “authority,” therefore, is to look upon the dictionary writer as being able to see into the future, (look upon+賓語+as賓補/這里賓補是分詞短語,還可以是名.形.介詞短語)which neither he nor anyone else can do. In choosing our words when we speak or write, we can be guided by the historical record provided for us by the dictionary, but we should not be bound by it. Because new situations, new experiences , new inventions, new feelings are always making us give new uses to old words.

Word  List 单词表

widely  adv.广泛地，普遍地
mainly  adv.主要地 
grammar  n.语法书；语法 
authority  n.权威著作；学术权威 
usage  n.（词语的）惯用法 
argument  n.争论，争辨，争吵 
firmly  adv.坚定地，坚决地 
confidence  n.把握；自信心 
uncommon  adj.不普通的，不寻常的 
edit  v.编辑 
editing  n.编辑 
editor  n.编辑，编者 
define  v.给（词语等）下定义 
definition  n. （词语等的）定义 
firsthand  adj.第一手的，直接的 
existing  adj.现存的，目前的，现行的 
amount  n.数量 
literature  n.文献；文学 
subject  n.题目，题材，主题 
occupy  v.占（时间、空间、场所等） 
decade  n.10年 
alphabetical  adj.按字母表顺序的 
sorting  n.整理，分类 
illustrate  v.（用例子等）说明 
represent  v.体现，典型地反映；代表 
carefully  adv.仔细地；聚精会神地 
hard-and-fast  adj.（规则等）不可改变的
influence  v.影响，对……起作用 
given  adj.特定的 
ruling  adj.占指导地位的；统治的 
statement  n.陈述，声明 
record  v.记录 
various  adj.各种各样的，不同的 
author  n.著作者，作家 
historian  n.历史学家，史学工作者 
historical  adj.历史（上）的 
lawgiver  n.拟定法典者，立法者 
scatter  v.撒播 
guide  v.引导，指导 
bind(bound,bound)  v.约束，束缚 
invention  n.发明（物），创造（物）

Proper  Names 专有名词

S.I. Hayakawa  S.I.早川（人名）
England英格兰（英国地名） 
the United States  美国
Oxford 牛津

Useful Expressions    常用短语
 
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事  
bring up抚养，养大 
quarrel with (sb.)  与某人争吵
be out of one’s mind疯了 
begin with以……开始
huge/great amount of大量的（不可数） 
a (large) number of大量的（可数）  
according to按照 
that is to say也就是说 
from…to从……到 
regard…as看做，当做 
set up制定 
provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物 
look up查字典；（在同一地方时）拜访（某人） 
    Please look up the new word in your dictionary.
    If you don’t know the word,look it up in the dictionary.
    I looked up a classmate when I went to Shanghai.   
what for 为什么
    You are leaving us?What for?
    What are you studying German for?
    He knows clearly what he has come here for.   
arrive at得出，做出，达到
    The two parties finally arrived at an agreement in the end. 
apply to 适用于
    This law does not apply to foreign companies.  
divide up(between/among)分配，分享，分担
    They don’t know how to divide up the work.  
base on/upon以……基础，把基础……放在
    This film is based on a novel by a famous writer.

1.Two men walked slowly, one after the other, through the shallow water of a stream. All they could see were stones and earth. The stream ran cold over their feet. They had blanket packs on the backs. They had guns, but no bullets; matches, but no food.

2.Suddenly the man who followed fell over a stone. He hurt his foot badly and called : “ Hey, Bill , I’ve hurt my foot.” Bill continued straight on without looking back.

3.The man was alone in the empty land, but he was not lost. He knew the way to their camp, where he would find food and bullets. He struggled to his feet and limped on. Bill would be waiting for him there, and together they would go south to the Hudson Bay Company. He had not eaten for two days. Often he stopped to pick some small berries and put them into his mouth. The berries were tasteless, and did not satisfy, but he knew he must eat them.

4.In the evening he built a fire and slept as a dead man. When he woke up, the man took out a small sack. It weighed fifteen pounds. He wasn’t sure if he could carry it any long. But he couldn’t leave him behind. He had to take it with him. He put it back into his pack, rose to his feet and staggered on.

5.His foot hurt, but it was nothing compared with hunger, which made him go on until darkness fell. His blanket was wet, but he knew only that he was hungry. Through his restless sleep he dreamed of banquets and of food. The man woke up cold and sick, and found himself lost. But the small sack was still with him. As he dragged himself along, the sack became heavier and heavier. The man opened the sack, which was full of small pieces of gold. He left half the gold on a rock.

6.Eleven days passed, days of rain and cold. One day he found the bones of a deer. There was no meat on them. The man broke the bones and sucked and chewed on them like an animal. Would he, too, be bones tomorrow? And why not? This was life. Only life hurt. There was no hurt in death. To die was to sleep. Then why was he not ready to die? He, as a man ,no longer strove. It was the life in him, unwilling to die , that drove him on.

7.One morning he woke up beside a river. Slowly he followed it with his eyes and saw it emptying into a shining sea. When he saw a ship on the sea, he closed his eyes. He knew there could be no ship, no sea, in this land. A vision, he told himself. He heard a noise behind him, and turned around. A wolf , old and sick, was coming slowly toward him. This was real, he thought. The man turned back, but the sea and the ship were still there. He didn’t understand. Had he been walking north, away from the camp, toward the sea? He stood up and started slowly toward the ship, knowing full well the sick wolf was following him. In the afternoon, he found some bones of a man. Beside the bones was a small sack of gold, like his own. So Bill had carried his gold to the end. He would carry Bill’s gold to the ship. Ha-ha! He would have the last laugh on Bill. His laughing sounded like the low cry of an animal. The wolf cried back. The man stopped suddenly and turned away. How could cried back. The man stopped suddenly and turned away. How could he laugh about Bill’s bones and take his gold?

8.The man was very sick, now. He crawled about, on hands and knees. He had lost everything – his blanket, his gun, and his gold. Only the wolf stayed with him hour and hour. At last he could go on no further. He fell. The wolf came close to him, but the man was ready. He got on top of the wolf and held its mouth closed. Then he bit it with his last strength(力量). The wolf’s blood streamed into his mouth. Only love of life gave him enough strength. He held the wolf with his teeth and killed it , then he fell on his back and slept.

9.The man on the ship saw a strange object lying on the beach. It was moving toward them – perhaps twenty feet an hour. The men went over to look and could hardly believe it was a man.

10.Three weeks later, when the man felt better, he told them his story. But there was one strange thing – he seemed to be afraid that there wasn’t enough food on the ship. The men also noticed that he was getting fat. They gave him less food, but still he grew fatter with each day. Then one day they saw him put a lot of bread under his shirt. They examined his bed and found food under his blanket. The men understood. He would recover from it, they said.

Word  List 单词表

slowly  adv.  缓慢地
shallow  adj.  浅的
stream  n.  溪流，小河
stream  v.（像流水般）流动 
earth  n.  泥土
run  v.  （指液体）流动
bullet  n.  子弹
(fall) over  prep.被……绊倒 
hey  interj.  喂！（表示惊喜或引起注意）
struggle  v.  挣扎，奋斗
limp  v.  跛行，一瘸一拐地走
berry  n.  浆果（如草莓、桑葚等）
tasteless  adj.无味的 
build  v.  建造
build a fire  生火
sack  n.  袋子
stagger  v.  蹒跚，摇摇晃晃
darkness  n.  黑暗
fall  v.  降临，来临
restless  adj.  没有得到休息的，不安定的
banquet  n.  宴会
drag  v.  慢吞吞地行进
deer  n.  鹿
suck  v.吮吸，啜饮 
chew  v.  咀嚼，嚼碎
strive(strove,striven)  v.  努力奋斗
unwilling  adj.  不愿意的，不情愿的
drive  v.  迫使
empty  v.  （河流等）流入，流进
shining  adj.  发光的，闪光的
vision  n.  幻觉，幻象
wolf  n.  狼
sick  adj.  有病的，生病的
full  adv.  很，非常，充分
ha  interj.  瞧！（表示惊奇、惊喜、疑惑等）
laughing  n.  笑，笑声
sound  v.  听起来
crawl  v.爬，爬行 
knee  n.  膝盖
hold  v.使保持（某种状态） 
  
Proper  Names 专有名词

Jack London  杰克·伦敦(人名)
Bill  比尔(人名)
The Hudson Bay Company 哈得孙湾公司

Useful Expressions  常用短语  

struggle to one’s feet (挣扎着)站起来 
wait for  等待
wake up  醒来
leave…behind  留下，遗留，忘记带
dream of  梦见；梦想
turn back  回到原处
empty into  注入，流入
turn around  转身
recover from  （从疾病等）恢复过来
be on hands and knees  四肢着地伏在地上
compared with  与……相比 
Compared with that of the other students ,your pronunciation is beautiful. 
be afraid of sth./sb.  害怕（某物或某人）
    I’m afraid  of the dog. 
be afraid (that)  担心，恐怕
    I’m afraid (that) he won’t come today. 
be afraid of doing sth.  担心，惟恐
    I’m afraid of hurting her.
    I’m afaid to walk in the dark. 
no longer /not…any longer  不再，再也不
    He couldn’t wait any longer.
    I’m no longer afraid.

1.Special Agent X came to a cabin about two miles up the mountain. He had come to get Cal Richards, an armed and dangerous killer. Through a broken window, he saw a man with a beard watching him closely. Agent X drew a deep breath. He stepped up to the cabin door with a cheerful "hello".

2.Beside the fireplace, an old man sat silently. Still standing near the window was the bearded man – a gun in his hands.

3."Government man , aren't you?" said the man with the gun.

4."Yes," replied the agent with a friendly smile. "You must be Pappy Richards."

5."Sure." I'm Cal's pa. And you are not going to get him." The gun pointed at the G-man.

6.Agent X looked around the cabin. " I've been assigned to do it," he said. "But I can see he isn't here today. I guess I'll have to come again." Then he caught sight of a violin hanging on the wall. "Who plays the fiddle?" he asked.

7.For a moment there was silence. Then the old man by the fire spoke up. "Pappy," he said. "He's the best fiddler in these parts. You ought to hear him play Turkey in the Straw." The G-man seemed deeply impressed. "You don't say!真的呀! I play a little myself. Mind if I look at the violin?"

8.As he crossed the room to the instrument, he knew that the gun was still aimed at him. He felt sweat on his forehead, but he took the violin from the wall as calmly as if he were a welcome visitor. He turned it carefully and wiped off the bow. Then he broke into the lively music of Turkey in the straw. The old man began to beat time, tapping one foot on the dirt floor. But Pappy stood unmoved, gun in hand and eyes alert.

9.One tune after another Agent X played, occasionally glancing at Pappy. Suddenly the music changed, and from the strings came the sweet notes of an old folk song. The cabin was filled with glorious sound. Agent X was playing better than he had ever played in his life. Pappy Richards stood enchanted, the defiance in his eyes giving way to a look of wonder. The gun was now pointed toward the floor. When the final notes of the song died away, Papper placed the gun in a corner.

10."Well, stranger," Pappy said, "that was first-class fiddling. Maybe you'll stay for dinner and play some more for us."

11.After they had eaten, the three men sat in the spring sunshine outside the cabin. They talked about fiddle tunes and the fiddlers that Pappy and the old man had known here in the mountains.

12.They talked for an hour, and not once did anyone speak of the reason for G-man's visit. Once more the bow danced across the strings; and so another hour passed quickly. Still not a word was said about Cal Richards. Finally the agent said, "Sorry! I must be getting back to the village."

13.Pappy's friend eyed him for a moment and said, "How about Cal? You want him, don't you?" There was a touch of amusement in his voice.

14."Well, no," said the G-man with a smile. "I don't want him. The government wants him, and you know how it is when the government wants a men. It may take days or months or years to get him, but they'll get him. And the longer it takes, the worse off he is."

15."Does the government always get the guy it wants?"

16."No, not always. Sometimes he dies."

17.Pappy, sitting on a nearby log, was deep in thought. "see here感嘆詞 , stranger," he interrupted suddenly. "I like the way you talk and I like the way you fiddle. I guess you're a decent guy." He paused as if it were hard to go on. Then, he said in a thick voice, "I –well, I'll have a talk with Cal. I think he might give himself up tomorrow. You be at the sheriff's office at noon!"

18."Noon tomorrow!" said the agent, wondering if he looked as surprised as he felt. "So long until then." After he left, he wiped his sweating forehead and sighed with relief.

19.The next day as the village clock struck twice, announcing the hour of noon, a bearded man came up the street toward the sheriff's office. With him was a young fellow whose appearance told of many days in hiding.

20.The G-man was waiting.

21."Stranger," said Pappy. "Here is Cal, my son."

Word List（单词表）
  
fiddle  n.  （口语）小提琴
fiddle  v.  （口语）（用小提琴）演奏
fiddler  n.  （口语）小提琴手
special agent  n.  特工
cabin  n.  小屋，小木屋
get  v.  抓获，捕获
armed  adj.  武装的，持枪的
killer  n.  杀人犯，杀手
broken  adj.  被打碎了的
closely  adv.  严密地，仔细地
government man  n.  （美国）联邦调查局特工
agent  n.  （政府机关的）特工
draw  v.  吸（气），吸入
step  v.  跨步，迈步
cheerful  adj.  快活的，兴高采烈的
fireplace  n.  壁炉
silently  adv.  无声地，沉默地
silence  n.  寂静，无言，沉默
bearded  adj.  有胡须的
pa  n.  （口语）爸爸
assign  v.  分配，指定，选派
violin  n.  小提琴
play  v.  演奏（乐器或音乐）
part  n.  地区；部分
deeply  adv.  极大地，深刻地
impress  v.  给人留下深刻印象
instrument  n.  乐器，仪器
aim  v.  瞄准，对准
sweat  n.  汗，汗水
sweat  v.  出汗，流汗
forehead  n.  额头，脑门
calmly  adv.镇定地，冷静地 
welcome  adj.  受欢迎的
carefully  adv. 仔细地，谨慎地
bow  n.琴弓 
unmoved  adj.  无动于衷的
alert  adj.  警惕的，警觉的
tune  n.  曲调，歌曲
string  n.  琴弦
sweet  adj.  悦耳的，旋律优美的
note  n.  （乐器等的）音，调子
folk  adj.  民间的，通俗的
glorious  adj.  （口语）非常愉快的，令人快乐的
enchant  v.  使……着迷，迷倒……
defiance  n.  违抗；藐视
first-class  adj.  第一流的
sunshine  n.  阳光
once  adv.  一次
once more   再一次
dance  v.  跳动，轻快地移动
quickly  adv.  快速地，迅速地
eye  v.  盯着，凝视
want  v.  通缉（犯人）
amusement  n.  兴趣；娱乐
worse off  adj.  （情况）更糟糕的，更贫困的
guy  n.  （美，口语）男人（guys家伙，包括女人）
nearby  adj.  在附近的
log  n.  木柴
deep  adj.  专心的，全神贯注的
decent  adj.  正派的
thick  adj.  （嗓音等）不清楚的，沙哑的
sheriff  n.  （美国的）县治安官
so long  （美，口语）再见
relief  n. （忧虑解除后的）轻松
appearance  n.  外表，外貌
hiding  n.  隐藏，躲藏
in hiding  在隐藏中

Proper Names（专有名词）

John J. Floherty  约翰·J·弗洛赫蒂（人名）
Cal Richards  卡尔·理查兹（人名）
Pappy Richards  帕皮·理查兹（人名）

Useful   Expressions(常用短语) 

draw a (deep) breath  （深）吸一口气
point at  指着
look around  环顾四周
be assigned to do  被指派做某事
catch sight of  看见
speak up  大声说
aim at  瞄准
beat time  打拍子
break into  突然……起来
one after another  一个接一个
glance at  一瞥，看一眼
be filled with  充满
stay for dinner  留下来吃饭
speak of  提及，说起
be deep in thought  沉思
give oneself up to  向……自首
give way to  让路，为……所代替
    After the explanation ,his doubts gave way to belief.   
die away  逐渐消失
    The wind died away and it began to rain. 
as if  似乎
    He spoke as if he were the prince himself.

1.Many people think that when they become rich and successful, happiness will naturally follow. Let me tell you that certainly nothing is further from the truth. The world is full of very rich people who are as miserable as hell. We have all read stories about movie stars committing suicide or dying from drugs. Quite clearly , money is not the answer to all problems.

2.Wealth achieved through dishonest means does not bring happiness. Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. Wealth left by parents does not bring happiness. In fact, money alone is almost worthless. If you have both self-esteem and money, however, you are well on the way to happiness. What is missing in both self-esteem and money is productive work and a real contribution towards the happiness of others. The secret to happiness lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. You can fool others but you can never fool yourself. If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means, you will know you did not earn it. If you have taken advantage of or hurt others to earn your wealth, you will not be happy. You will not feel you are capable.

3.There are many highly-paid managers and entertainers who do not like themselves. Outwardly, they seem successful, but deep down they are miserable. They know they are contributing very little of real value and all the time they live in fear of being exposed as cheats. They know they are not earning their wealth. They know they are cheating the company , the government or society. But they can't fool themselves.

4.Long-term happiness is based on honesty, productive work(創造性的勞動), contribution, and self-esteem. Happiness in not an end; it is a process. It is a continuous process of honest, productive work which makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel like a worthwhile person. As Dr. Wayne wrote, "There is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way." There is no use saying "Some day when I achieve these goals, when I get this car, build this house and have this business…then I will be really happy." Life just does not work that way.生活中這樣是行不通的 If you wait for certain things to happen and depend on external circumstances of life to make you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled無成就感. There will always be something missing.

5.Long-term happiness is a process of moving towards worthwhile goals and contributing towards the welfare and happiness of others. It does not mean that you should give away all your wealth. It means doing what you love and loving what you do. It means achieving your goals and then challenging yourself to bigger and better things. It means always striving for more, learning and growing. Doing nothing means death. Activity means life. Find your purpose, set some goals, do what you love, love what you do, work honestly and productively and contribute real values to the others. In the long term, that's what it's all about.幸福也就如此而已.

6.In the short term, you can start practising being happy right now without any obvious reason. How will you know how to be happy if you don't try it? It is the same as acting and feeling rich. Don't wait for another 10 years to start feeling rich, successful and happy. Start practising now. You know that they say "practice makes perfect." 熟能生巧 Pretend and act as if you were happy and you will be happy. Pretend and act as if you were miserable and …well, forget about this last one. You have been practising that one for far too long.

Word List（单词表）
 
naturally  adv.  当然，自然地
miserable  adj.  （人、心情）悲哀的，（生活等）不幸的
hell  n.地狱 
movie  n.（美）电影 
star  n. 明星
clearly  adv.  清楚地，明确地
dishonest  adj. 不正当的，不诚实的
means  n. 手段，方法
lottery  n. 摸彩；奖券
winnings  n. 赢得的利益；奖金
alone  adj. 只有，仅仅
worthless  adj.  没有价值的，没有用的
worthwhile  adj.  有价值的，值得做的
self-esteem  n.  自尊（心）
well  adv. 相当地
productive  adj.  有成果的，有成效的
fool  v.  欺骗，哄骗
obtain  v.获得，得到 
capable  adj. 能干的，有才华的
highly-paid  adj. 工资高的，高薪的 
entertainer  n. （娱乐节目的）表演者，艺人
outwardly  adv.表面上 
contribute  v.  出钱（力、主意等）；贡献
expose  v.  揭穿，揭发，揭露
cheat  n.  骗子 
cheat  v.  欺骗
long-term  adj.长期的，长远的 
honesty  n.  诚实
honestly  adj.  诚实地，老实地
process  n.  过程
continuous  adj. 不断的，连续的，继续的 
continuously  adv. 不断地，连续地，继续地  
Dr.  abbr.(doctor的缩写)博士 
external  adj.  外部的
circumstance  n. 环境，情况
unfulfilled  adj. 没有成就感的 
missing  adj.  缺少的，找不到的
welfare  n.  福利；幸福
create  v.  创造
challenge  v.  （对某人的能力）挑战
set v.  制定，确定
short-term  adj.短期的
obvious  adj.  明显的，清楚的
act  v.  装出，装做
far  adv.  很

Proper Names（专有名词）

Branko Bugarski 布兰科·巴加斯基（人名）
Wayne Dyer 韦恩·戴尔

Useful   Expressions(常用短语)
commit suicide  自杀 
die from  死于（外伤或不注意的原因）
contribution to/towards  对……的贡献
take advantage of  利用，占……的便宜
achieve one’s goals  实现目标
depend on   依赖，依靠
give away  送掉，赠送
strive for  为……奋斗
set a goal  树立目标
in the short term  就短期言
deep down  从内心来讲
lie in  在于
    Happiness lies in struggle.
It/There is no use doing做……是没有用的
    It is no use crying over spilt milk.

1.It was a very happy funeral, a great success. Even the sun shone that day for the late Henry Ground. Lying in his coffin, he was probably enjoying himself, too. Once more, and for the last time on this earth, he was the center of attention. Yes, it was a very jolly affair. People laughed and told each other jokes. Relatives who had not spoken for years smiled at each other and promised to stay in touch. And , of course, everyone had a favourite story to tell about Henry.

2."Do you remember the time he dressed up as a gypsy and went from door to door telling people's fortunes? He actually made 6 pounds in an afternoon!"

3."I was once having dinner with him in an expensive restaurant. When the wine-waiter brought the wine, he poured a drop into Henry's glass and waited with a proud expression on his face, as if to say "taste it , you peasant. It's clear that you know nothing about wine." So Henry, instead of tasting it, the way any normal person would do, dipped his thumb and forefinger into the wine. Then he put his hand to his ear and rolled his forefinger and thumb together as if he were listening to the quality of the wine! Then he nodded to the wine-waiter seriously, as if to say "yes, that's fine. You may serve it." You should have seen the wine-waiter's face! And how Henry managed to keep a straight face, I'll never know!"

4."Did you hear about the practical joke he played when he was a student, the one with the road-menders? Some workmen were digging a hole in the road. First, Henry phoned the police and told them that some students were digging a hole in the road, and that he didn't think it was a very funny thing to do. Then he went to the workmen and told them that some students had dressed up as policeman and were coming to tell them to stop digging the hole! Well , you can imagine what happened!"

5."Yes, old Henry loved to pull people's legs. Once, when he was invited to an exhibition of some abstract modern painter's latest work, he managed somehow to get in the day before and turn all the paintings upside down. The exhibition ran for four days before anyone noticed!"

6."His father, poor man, could never understand why Henry did such crazy things."

7."It's hard to believe that Henry was a Ground when you think how different he was from his brothers."

8.Yes, it was difficult to believe that he was a Ground. He was born into an unimportant but well-to-do family. He was the youngest of five sons. The Grounds were a handsome lot : bule-eyed, fair-haired, clever and ambitious. The four older boys all made a success of their lives. They married beautiful girls of good family, and produced children as fair and handsome and clever as themselves. That eldest became a clergyman; the second ended up as the headmaster of a famous public school; the third went into business and became rich; the fourth followed in his father's footsteps and became a lawyer. That is why everybody was amazed when the youngest Ground, Henry, turned out to be a lazy good–for–nothing.

9.Unlike his brothers, he had brown eyes and dark hair, but he was every bit as handsome and charming, which made him quite a lady-killer. And, although he never married, there is no doubt at all that Henry Ground loved women. He also loved eating, drinking, laughing, talking and a thousand other activities which don't make money or improve the human life. One of his favourite pastimes was doing nothing. His idea of an energetic afternoon when the sun was shining主語 was to sit under a tree表語, with a pretty girl by his side, and all the time in the world to talk of his and that , to count the blades of grass.作定語

10.What a worthless fellow! Some people whispered that his real father was not the present Mr. Ground at all , but a wild gypsy who had come one day to the house and had swept Mrs. Ground off her feet (迷倒她)with his dancing black eyes and his wicked immoral ways. It was a good story, interesting and romantic, but surely untrue. One thing was true: you couldn't help liking Henry Ground and his talent for making you laugh. Henry Ground was, above all else, a joker.

Word List（单词表）
 
joker  n.  爱开玩笑的人
late  adj.  已故的
coffin  n.  棺材
jolly  adj.  愉快的，快乐的
stay  v.  维持（某状态等）
gypsy (或gipsy,Gypsy)  n.  吉卜赛人，流浪汉
actually  adv.  居然，竟然
make  v.  获得，赚（钱，名声等）
expression  n.  表情
dip  v.  使……（在液体中）泡（一下），（使）浸，（使）沾
thumb  n.  拇指
forefinger  n.  食指
roll  v.  转动
quality  n.  质量；品质
serve  v.  端上，盛（饭菜等）；拿出……款待（某人）
practical joke  n.  恶作剧
play  v.  耍（花招），搞（恶作剧）
road-mender  n.  道路修理工，养路工人
workman  n.（男）工人 
phone  v.  给（某人）打电话
old  adj.  （口语）用作表示亲密或戏谑等的用语
abstract  adj.  （指艺术）抽象派的
painter  n.  画家
latest  adj.  最近的，最新的
somehow  adv.  以某种方式，通过某种途径
upside down  adv.  颠倒地，反倒过来地
run  v.  （指活动、戏等）持续，连演
unimportant  adj.  微不足道的，不重要的
well-to-do  adj.  富有的，富裕的
lot  n.  一类或一些（人或物）
blue-eyed  adj.  蓝眼睛的
fair-haired  adj.  金发的
ambitious  adj.  有雄心的，有抱负的；有野心的
produce  v.  生育（后代）
fair  adj.（皮肤）白皙的；（头发）浅色的 
eldest  adj.  （兄弟姐妹中）最年长的
clergyman  n.  （基督教的）教士，牧师
amaze  v.  使……大为惊讶
good-for-nothing  n.  无用的人，懒惰的人，废物，饭桶
unlike  prep.  与……不同，不像
charming  adj.  有魅力的，迷人的
lady-killer  n.  使女人倾心的男人
human  adj.  人类的，人的
pastime  n.消遣，娱乐
energetic  adj.  精力充沛的，充满活力的
blade  n.  （植物的）叶片
present  adj.  现在的，目前的
wild  adj.  放荡不羁的，不守规矩的
wicked  adj.  邪恶的，缺德的
immoral  adj.不道德的，淫荡的 
romantic  adj.  浪漫的
surely  adv.  无疑，当然
untrue  adj.  不真实的
talent  n.  天才，超常智能

Proper  Names (专有名词)

Jake Allsop 杰克·奥尔索普（人名）
Henry Ground 亨利·格朗德（人名）

Useful   Expressions(常用短语) 

once more  再一次
smile at sb.  对某人微笑
stay/keep in touch (with sb.)  （与某人）保持联系
instead of  代替……而不是……
dip…into…  把……浸入
manage to do  设法做成某事
invite sb. to (sth./a place)  邀请某人去……
be different from  与……不同
make a success of sth.  把……干得很成功
turn…upside down  倒置某物
can’t help doing  情不自禁地做某事
above all (else)  更重要的是
dress up as打扮成
  He dressed up as a policeman. 
follow (in ) sb.’s footsteps  接班，继承某人的事业
  My father was a teacher and I have followed in his footsteps. 
end up as…   最后成为
  He began his army life as a marine and ended up as a general. 
every bit as  全部，完全
  The machine is every bit as good as you’ve said. 
sweep sb. off his/her feet迷倒某人
  The rich businessman was swept off his feet by a beautiful model.

1.Anyway, the stories went on even while the coffin was being lowered into the grave. People held handkerchiefs to their eyes, but their tears were tears of laughter, not sadness. Afterwards, there was a funeral breakfast, by invitation only. It was attended by twelve of Henry’s closest friends. Henry Ground had asked his brother, Colin, to read out his will. Henry had been in debt all his life, hadn’t he? What could he possibly have to leave in a will?

2.Colin cleared his throat, “Ahem! If you are ready, ladies and gentlemen.” Everyone settled down and waited silently. Colin opened the will, and began to read it out in a singsong voice.

3.“I , Henry Ground, being of sound mind…. Last will and testament…do hereby bequeath…”

4.The legal phrases came out slowly one after another, *1and the audience grew impatient to get to the important part. It came soon enough. When Colin announced that Henry Ground, *２though known as a good-for-nothing, had invested his money very wisely, and was in fact worth at least three-quarters of a million, everyone gasped. But who was going to get it? Eyes narrowed and throats went dry.
課文注釋
*1句, impatient to do sth. :急切盼望某事發生； grew + impatient 系表結構
*２句, 是省略了的讓步狀語從句,省略了he was; be known was:是公認的…

5.“You are all such dear friends of mine,” Colin went on reading out Henry Ground’s words in a flat tone, which, if they weren’t so interested, would have sent everyone to sleep,” that I cannot decide which of you to leave my money to.” Colin paused. In the silence, you could have heard a pin drop. He went on, ”So , dear friend, I have set you a little competition. Each of you in turn must tell the funniest joke he or she can think of , and the one who gets the most laughter will get all my money. Colin will be the judge of the best joke.”

6.“So, ladies and gentlemen, “ said Colin, putting the will down on the table, “it’s up to you now. Who will go first? May I suggest that you go in alphabetical order of surnames?”

7.The first person stood up and told a very funny joke about an Englishman who fell in love with his umbrella. When he finished, he was in tears of laughter, for he always laughed at his own jokes. The rest of the group remained dead silent. You could tell from their faces and their eyes that they found the joke funny, but not one of them was going to laugh, and give him the chance to win the competition. The second told a story about a three-legged pig, which was so good that, some years later, a film company made a cartoon of it. When she sat down, the others buried their faces in their handkerchiefs, coughed, pretended to sneeze, dropped pencils under the table – anything to cover up their laughter. And so it went on, joke after joke, the sort of jokes that make your sides ache. And nobody dared to laugh.

8.Well, by the time the last joke had been told, every one of the twelve was sitting perfectly still, desperately holding in the laughter which was bursting to get out.

9.Silence. Painful silence.

10.Suddenly, Colin sneezed . A perfectly ordinary sneeze. Then he took out a large red handkerchief and blew his nose. Bbbrrrrrrppp.

11.That was enough. Someone burst out laughing, unable to hold it in any longer. That started the others off. In no time, everyone was doubled up, tears streaming from their eyes, their shoulders rising and falling as wave after wave of laughter swept the crowd. Of course, they were not just laughing at the sneeze, nor even at the twelve jokes. No, they were laughing at themselves as they realized that Henry Ground had led them into his last, and the funniest, practical joke, setting their need to laugh against their desire for money.(set sb. Against sb.使某人與另一個人敵對)

12.When, at long last , the laughter died down, Colin cleared his throat once more.”I have been practising that sneeze for a week or more.” He said . “Henry’s idea, of course,” he added, unnecessarily: all twelve guests realized they had been set up beautifully.

13.“My friends,”the last paragraph of the will began , “forgive me ,but I couldn’t resist playing one last little joke on you. It’s good to know that your love of laughter finally overcame your love of money.”(risist後跟名詞或動名詞)

14.Colin paused, letting the meaning of the words sink in. Then he read out the final part of the late Henry Ground’s last will and testament.

15.“My friends, thank you for letting me have the last laugh. As for the money: because I love you all, my fortune will be divided equally among you. Enjoy your share, and think of me whenever you hear laughter.”

16.The group fell silent. For the first time that day, there was a feeling of sadness in the air.

Word List（单词表）
  
anyway  adv.  （用来改变话题）无论如何，即使如此
lower  v.  使……降低；下降
grave  n.  墓穴，坟墓
sadness  n.  悲伤，忧伤
afterwards (或afterward)  adv.  后来，然后，以后
invitation  n.  邀请
close  adj.  亲近的，亲密的
will  n.  遗嘱
clear  v.  （借助咳嗽）清嗓子
throat  n.  喉咙
ahem  interj.  用咳嗽来引起注意，或表示怀疑，或轻度警告
singsong  adj.  节奏单调的
sound  adj.  （身心）健全的，健康的
mind  n.  头脑
testament  n.  遗嘱
last will and testament  遗嘱
hereby  adv.  （正式）特此，藉此，兹
bequeath  v.  立遗嘱（将……）赠与
legal  adj.  法律上的，合乎法律的
phrase  n.  短语，名言
audience  n.  听众，观众
impatient  adj不耐烦的，无耐性的. 
announce  v.  宣布，宣告
invest  v.  投资
wisely  adv.  明智地，聪明地
gasp  v.  （因惊讶等引起）屏息，喘息
narrow  v.  使……变窄
flat  adj.  （声调）无变化的
tone  n.  （声音、话语等的）调子，语气，语调
send  v.  使……进入某种状态
competition  n.  竞赛，比赛
judge  n.  裁判员，评判员
surname  n.  姓
dead  adv.  完全地，绝对地
three-legged  adj.  三条腿的
cartoon  n.  动画片，卡通片
bury  v.  隐藏；埋葬
sneeze  v.&n.  打喷嚏
side  n.  （人体的）侧边（尤指腋至臀的部分）
perfectly  adv.  十分，完全地
desperately  adv.  拼命地，绝望地
unable  adj.  不能……的
sweep  v.  在……中迅速蔓延或传播
unnecessarily  adv.  不必要地，多余地
paragraph  n.  段落
resist  v.  忍住，忍耐（诱惑等）
overcome （overcame, overcome） v.  战胜，克服
equally  adv.  均等地，平等地
fall  v.  变成（……的状态） 
 
Proper Names（专有名词）

Colin 科林（人名）
 
Useful expressions （常用短语）

go on (doing )继续
by invitation  凭请柬
read out  大声读出来
clear one’s throat 清清喉咙
settle down 平静下来
in…circumstance 在……情况下
fall/be in love with sb./sth.爱上某人或某物
(tears ) stream down from （眼泪）从……流下
suggest that sb. do sth. 建议某人做某事
cover up 掩盖
make one’s sides ache 让某人笑痛肚子
hold in 抑制，克制
build up 增大，增强
blow one’s nose 擤（鼻涕）
burst out laughing/crying 突然笑或哭起来
in no time 不一会儿
be doubled up 笑弯了腰
die down 减弱，渐息
play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑
as for 至于……，就……而言
divide equally among 在……间平分
in debt 欠债
    I’m in debt to Bill for 100 yuan.
it’s up to sb. (to do) 由某人决定；是某人的责任
    --Which one shall we have?
    --It’s up to you.
start sb. off 使某人开始（某项活动）
    What started him off on that project?
sink in 被理解
    He paused, waiting for his words to sink in.

1.It was very late at night on the eve of Memorial Day. She got on the subway train at the 34th Street Pennsylvania Station. I am still trying to remember how she managed to push herself in with a baby on her right arm, a traveling bag in her left hand and two children , a boy and a girl , about three and five years old, following after her. She was a nice looking white lady in her early twenties.

2.At Nevins Street Station , Brooklyn , I saw her preparing to get off at the next station – Atlantic Avenue-which happened to be the place where I had to get off. (Just as it was a problem for her to get on, it was going to be a problem for her to get off the train with two small children to be taken care of , a baby on her right arm and a medium-sized bag in her left hand. (注:三組作with的賓語, to be taken care of 動詞不定式短語的被動形式,表將要發生的事)

3.And there I was, also preparing to get off at the Atlantic Avenue (大西洋大街站), with nothing to take care of – not even the usual customary book under my arm.

4.As the train was entering the Atlantic Avenue Station, some white man stood up from his seat and helped her out, placing the children on the long, deserted platform. There were only two adults on the long platform some time after midnight on the eve of last Memorial Day.(注:some time名詞短語,指一段時間,可長可短; sometime 副詞,指將來或過去的某時; sometimes副詞,意思是”有時”或”偶而”)

5.I could see the steep concrete stairs going down to the Long Island Railroad or up into the street. Should I off my help as the American white man had done? Should I take care of the girl and the boy, take them by their hands until they were out of the station?

6.Puerto Ricans are a courteous people. And here I was – a Puerto Rican – hours past midnight, faced with two while children and a white lady, with a baby on her right arm and a bag in her left hand , obviously needing somebody to help them at least until they went up the long concrete stairs.

7.But how could I , a Negro and Puerto Rican, approach this white lady who very likely might be prejudiced against Negroes and anybody with a foreign accent, in a deserted subway station very late at night?

8.What would she say? What would be the first reaction of this white American woman, perhaps coming from a small town with a big, two children and a baby on her right arm? Would she say: yes . of couse , you may help me? Or would she think bad things perhaps? What would I do if she screamed as I went toward her to offer my help?

9.Was I misjudging her? So many slanders are written every day in the daily press against Negroes and Puerto Ricans. I hesitated for a long, long minute. The traditional good manners that the most illiterate Puerto Rican passes on from father to son were struggling inside me. Here I was , may past midnight, face to face with a situation that could very well become an incident of prejudice and chauvinism caused by the unjust policy of our society today.

10.It was a long minute. I passed on by her as if I saw nothing. As if I didn’t see that she needed help. Like a rude animal walking on two legs. I just moved on, half running along the long subway platform, leaving the children and the woman alone. I took the steps of the long concrete stairs in twos until I reached the street above and the cold air hit my warm face.(注:pass on相當于move on,注意與9段中的區別)

11.This is what racism and prejudice and chauvinism and a divided society can do to the people and to a nation!(what sth. Can do/does/did to a person/thing中,to表示某一行為對某人或某事造成的影響)

12.Perhaps the lady was not prejudiced after all. Or not prejudiced enough to scream when a Negro went toward her in a deserted subway station a few hours past midnight. If you were not prejudiced, I failed you, dear lady. I know that there is a chance in a million.(渺茫的機會,千载難逢的機會) that you will read these lines. I am willing to take that millionth chance. If you were not prejudiced, I failed you lady.(我有負于您) I failed you, children. I failed myself to myself.(to take a chance碰碰運氣,冒險一試)

13.I buried my courtesy early on Memorial Day morning. But here is a promise that I make to myself here and now; if I am ever faced with a situation like that again, I am going to offer my help regardless of how the offer is going to be received.

14.Then I will have my courtesy with me again.

Word List (单词表)

eve  n.  (节日的)前夕，前日
memorial  adj.  纪念的；追悼的；记忆的
subway  n.  地铁
traveling,travelling  adj.(美/英)  旅行的；旅行用的
travel(l)ing bag  n.  旅行袋
nice looking  adj.  （口语）好看的，漂亮的
avenue  n.  （两旁有树木或高楼的）大街
medium-sized  adj.  中等（大小）的，中型的
customary  adj.  合乎习俗的；习惯上的
deserted  adj.  （街道等）无人通行的；已无人居住的
adult  adj.  成人的，大人的
steep  adj.  陡峭的
concrete  n.&adj.  混凝土（的）
courteous  adj.  有礼貌的，客气的
courtesy  n.  礼貌，客气
face  v.  面临，面对
obviously  adv.  明显地，明白地，清楚地
Negro  n.  （含轻蔑之意）黑种人，黑人
approach  v.  走近，向……靠近
likely  adj.  可能会，有可能的
prejudiced  adj.  有成见的，有偏见的
prejudice  n.  成见，偏见
accent  n.  口音；腔调
reaction  n.  反应
misjudge  v.  （对……）判断失误
slander  n.  诽谤，诋毁
(the ) press  n.  （集合名词）报纸；杂志；新闻界
hesitate  v.  犹豫，踌躇
traditional  adj.  传统的，惯例的
illiterate  adj.  不识字的，文盲的
way  adv.  远为……，……得多
incident  n.  事件（常指小事）
chauvinism  n.  沙文主义；极端的爱国主义
unjust  adj.  不公平的，不公正的
policy   n.  政策，方针
rude  adj.  粗鲁的，无礼的
racism  n.  种族主义，种族偏见
divide  v. 分开，分配，分割
fail  v.  有负于……，使失望
millionth  adj.百万分之一的；第一百万的

Proper Names（专有名词）
 
Jesus Colon  纪泽斯·科朗.
Pennsylvania  Station  宾夕法尼亚站（纽约地铁站）
Nevins Street Station  内文斯街站（纽约地铁站）
Atlantic Avenue 大西洋大街（纽约街名）
Puerto Rican  波多黎各的；波多黎各人

Useful Expressions（常用短语）

on the eve of …在……前夕
in one’s early/late 20’s  二十出头或快三十
a problem (for sb. ) to do  （对某人来说）做……是个难题
take care of  照顾，照看
Should I …?  我是不是该……？
offer sth.  主动提出……
be prejudiced against…  对……有偏见
after all  毕竟，终究
make a promise  承诺
be faced with  面临，面对
here and now  此时此刻
pass (sth.) on (to ) 把……传给
     Would you please pass the information on to the other students?
be known for…以……而著称，闻名
    The city is known for its beautiful lakes.

1.“I heard a rumor,” Sangstrom said, “that you-” He turned his head and looked about him to make absolutely sure that he and the druggist were alone in the tiny drugstore. The druggist was a little man who could have been any age from fifty to a hundred. They were alone, but Sangstrom dropped his voice just the same. “– that you have a completely undetectable poison”

2. The druggist nodded. He came around the counter and locked the front door of the shop, then walked toward a doorway behind the counter. “I was about to take a coffee break,” he said. “Come with me and have a cup.”

3.Sangstrom followed him around the counter and through the doorway to a back room ringed by shelves of bottles from floor to ceiling. The druggist plugged in an electric coffee pot, found two cups and put them on a table that had a chair on either side of it. He motioned Sangstrom to one of the chairs and took the other himself. “Now.” he said. “Tell me. Whom do you want to kill , and why?”

4.“Does it matter?” Sangstrom asked. “Isn’t it enough that I pay for –”

5.The druggist interrupted him with an upraised hand. “Yes, it matters. I must be convinced that you deserve what I can give you. Otherwise –” he shrugged.

6.“All right,” Sangstrom said. “The whom is my wife. The why –” he started the long story. Before he had quite finished, the coffee pot had finished its task and the druggist briefly interrupted to get the coffee for them. Sangstrom finished his story.

7.The little druggist nodded. “Yes, I occasionally give out an undetectable poison. I do so freely; I do not charge for it, if I think the case is deserving. I have helped many murderers.

8.“Fine,” Sangstrom said. “Please give it to me ,then.”

9.The druggist smiled at him. “I already have. By the time the coffee was ready I had decided that you deserved it. It was, as I said, free. But there is a price for the antidote.”

10.Sangstrom turned pale. But he had expected – not this , but the possibility of a double-cross or some form of blackmail. He pulled a pistol from his pocket.

11.The little druggist chuckled. “ You daren’t use that. Can you find the antidote” – he waved at the shelves – “among those thousands of bottle? Or would you find a faster, more deadly poison? Or if you think I’m bluffing, that you are not really poisoned, go ahead and shoot. You’ll know the answer within three hours when the poison starts to work.”

12.“How much for the antidote?” Sangstrom growled.

13.“Quite reasonable. A thousand dollars. After all, a man must live. Even if his hobby is preventing murders, there’s no reson why he shouldn’t make money at it, is there?”

14.Sangstrom growled and put the pistol down, but within reach, and took out his wallet. Maybe after he had the antidote, he’d still use that pistol. He counted out a thousand dollars in hundred-dollar bills and put them on the table.

15.The druggist made no immediate move to pick them up. He said:” And one other thing – for your wife’s safety and mine. You will write a confession of your intention – your former intention. I hope – to murder your wife. Then you will wait till I go out and mail it to a friend of mine in the police. He’ll keep it as evidence in case you ever do decide to kill your wife. Or me, for that matter.

16.“When that is in the mail it will be safe for me to return here and give you the antidote. I’ll get you paper and pen….

17.“Oh, one other thing – although I do not absolutely insist on it. Please help spread the word about my undetectable poison, will you? One never knows, Mr. Sangstrom. The life you save, if you have any enemies, just might be your own.”

   Word list （单词表）

hobby  n.  (业余)爱好，嗜好（不包括阅读）
hobbyist  n.  有某种癖好者
rumor  n.   传闻，传言，谣言
absolutely  adv.  绝对地，完全地
druggist  n.  药商，药剂师
drugstore  n.  （美）药房（也出售日用品及食品，冲洗胶卷等）
completely  adv.  完全地，彻底地
undetectable  adj.   觉察不到的，发现不了的
poison  n.  毒药，毒物
doorway  n.  （房屋、房间的）门口
break  n.  （工作等的）休息时间
ring  v.  充满
be ringed  with   被……装满
coffee-pot   n.  咖啡壶
motion  v.  用动作或手势示意
upraise  v.  抬起，抬高
convince  v.  使信服，说服；使确信
deserve  v.  值得，应得
shrug  v.  耸肩
briefly  adv.  简短地
freely  adv.  免费地
case  n.  事例，实例
murderer  n.  凶手，杀人犯
antidote  n.  解毒药，解毒剂
possibility  n.   可能性
double-cross  n. （俚语）欺骗行为，出卖
blackmail  n.  敲诈，勒索
pistol  n.  手枪
chuckle  v.  低声地笑
deadly  adj.  致命的
bluff  v.  虚张声势，吓唬（人）
growl  v.  咆哮，发火
reasonable  adj.  合理的，有理由的
wallet  n.  钱包
confession  n.  自白，供认，承认
intention  n.  目的，意图，打算
former  adj.  以前的
evidence  n.  证据

Proper  Names (专有名词)

Fredric Brown 弗雷德里克·布朗（人名）
Sangstrom 桑斯特罗姆（人名）

Useful Expressions （常用短语）

make sure (that)  确定；确保
be about to do  正要做……
be convinced that  确信，信服
give out 分送，分发
charge (sb.) for (sth. )  （就……）向某人索取……的费用
count out  数出（钱等）
go ahead (and do ) 请做，请说
in case  以防，免得
just the same (=all the same )  仍然，还是
----Do you need any help?
----No,I can manage it, but thank you just the same.
otherwise  否则
  You must mend your ways,otherwise you’ll end up in trouble.
within the reach of sb./within sb.’s reach 伸手所及的地方
  While reading I always have a dictionary within my reach.
insist on sth./doing sth. 坚决要求某事或做某事
  He insisted on his rights.
  My friend insisted on going with me.
  He insisted on my going to see a doctor.

1.The Thinking Machine turned to the worried businessman , “State your problem.”

2.“It isn’t a crime – that is , a crime that can be punished by law,” Mr. Grayson said. “but it has cost me millions, perhaps as much as ten million dollars! Briefly, there is an information leak at my office. My business plans have become known to others almost as soon as I have made them. My plans are large; I have millions of dollars at stake, and the need for secrecy is great. For years my plans have been safe, but half a dozen times in the last eight weeks they have become known to my competitors – in the smallest detail, and in time for them to steal my customers.”

3.“Tell me more please,” said The Thinking Machine.

4.“I make machines and tools used in factories. Recently I sent my salesmen to a new industrial area out West to demonstrate some new machines. At first this was a great success; the factory owners truly liked this on-the-spot service and bought everything the salesmen demonstrated.

5.“But suddenly my staff there reported that wherever they went, they were too late. My biggest business competitor had already sent their salesmen out to demonstrate their products at a lower price!”

6.The Thinking Machine walked to the window. “So now you want to know how – and when – information is leaking from your office. Well, to whom do you tell your business plans?”

7.“No one, except my personal secretary, Evelyn Winthrop. She has been with me for six years; more than five years before this leak began. I have always trusted her.”

8.“And she is the only one who knows your plans?”

9.“Well, she hears of my plans only a few minutes or so before I give orders to carry them out. This week, for instance, I planned to send salesmen to Oklahoma with new oil drills. My district manager didn’t know this plan. Miss Winthrop heard of it only on the morning they were to go out. Then I dictated to her in my office some letters of instructions to my district managers. That is all Miss Winthrop knew of my Oklahoma plan.”

10.“You outlined the plan in those letters?”

11.“No. They merely told my managers which salesmen I wanted for Oklahoma and the costs of the various drills.”

12.“But a careful person, knowing the content of all those letters, could have worked out what you intended to do?”

13.“Yes, but no one person knew the contents of all the letters, Miss Winthrop and I were the only two human beings who knew what was in them all. Neither Miss Winthrop nor I left the office all day. Yet before the day ended , I received phone calls from two managers telling me of the unbeatable offers form my competitor.”

14.“What is your business competitor’s name?”

15.“Ralph Matthews,”said Mr. Grayson.

16.The Thinking Machine went to a desk, addressed an envelope, got a sheet of paper and place it inside , and sealed the envelope. Then he turned back to Mr. Grayson, “ Let us go to see Miss Winthrop now,” he said.

17.From the office door, The Thinking Machine went straight to Miss Winthrop’s desk and handed her the envelope. “Mr. Ralph Matthews asked me to give you this,” he said.

18.The young woman glanced up at his face frankly, took the envelope, and turned it curiously in her hand. “Ralph Matthews,” she repeated the name as if it sounded strange to her, “I don’t think I know him.” Nevertheless, she opened the envelope and took out the paper. “Why, it’s a blank sheet!” she remarked, puzzled.

19.The detective turned suddenly to Mr. Grayson who had looked on with frank astonishment. “May I use a telephone, please?” asked The Thinking Machine.

20.He picked the receiver of Miss Winthrop’s phone and held it to his ear a moment. “It’s busy,” he said. He hung up, pausing for a moment to admire a beautiful silver box right beside the telephone. “Thank you, Miss Winthrop,” he said as he left the room.

21.Back in Mr. Grayson’s office, the detective told him to ask Miss Winthrop to take some dictation the next morning at 9:45. And that night, he arranged for a secret extension to be attached to Miss Winthrop’s phone. The next morning he was at the extension, pencil in hand, while Mr. Grayson carried out his orders. A little later, he asked the businessman to go with him to the secretary’s desk.

22.“So you did know Ralph Matthews after all,” he said, throwing onto her desk a sheet of paper he had brought with him.

23.The girl stopped her noisy typing and rose from her chair, trembling. “What do you mean,sir?” she demanded weakly.

24.“And you might as well remove the silver box,” The Thinking Machine continued. “There is no further need of the telephone connection.”

   Word List (单词表)

mystery  n.  秘密
businessman  n.  商人
state  v.  陈述，说明
crime  n.  犯罪；罪行
leak  n.&v.  （秘密等）泄露；泄露（秘密等）
secrecy  n.  秘密（的状态），保密
dozen  n.  一打，12个
competitor  n.  竞争者
detail  n.  细节；详情
steal  v.  偷，窃取，行窃
recently  adv.  最近，近来
salesman  v.  推销员
industrial  adj.  工业（上）的，产业（上）的，工业用的
demonstrate  v.  展示，演示，示范
truly  adv.  真正地，确实地
on-the-spot  adj.  现场的
staff  n.  员工，职员，工作人员
product  n.  制品，产品；产物，成果
drill  n.  钻机，钻床，钻头
dictate  v.  口授，口述；听写
outline  v.  概述，简略叙述要点
intend  v.  打算，意图
human being  n.  人；人类
unbeatable  adj.  竞争不过的，无法与之竞争的
offer  n.  出价
address  v.  写上收件人姓名及地址
sheet  n.  （纸等薄物的）一张；薄片；被单，褥单
seal  v.  密封（信封等）
frank  adj.  率直的，毫不掩饰的
frankly  adv.  坦率地，坦白地
curiously  adv.  好奇地，感兴趣地
nevertheless  adv.&conj.  虽然如此，然而，不过
why  interj.  用以表示惊讶等
blank  adj.  空白的
remark  v.  说（出）
puzzle  v.  使困惑，使伤脑筋
detective  n.  侦探
astonishment  n.  惊奇，惊异
receiver  n.  电话听筒
busy  adj.  （电话）占线的
dictation  n.  口述，口授；听写
extension  n.  （电话）分机
attach  v.  安装，系上，缚上
tremble  v.  （因恐惧、寒冷、虚弱等）颤抖
weakly  adv.  无力地
connection  n.  联络；连接

Proper Names (专有名词)

Jacques Futrelle 雅克· 富特雷尔（人名）
Grayson 格雷森（人名）
Evelyn Winthrop 伊夫林·温思罗普（人名）
Oklakoma 俄克拉何马州（美国州名）
Ralph Matthews 拉尔夫·马修斯（人名）

Useful Expressions (常用短语)

turn to 转向
as many /much as 多达，……之多
at first 首先，起先
at a …price 以……的价格
hear of /about 听到……关于……
give orders (to do sth .) 下令（做某事）
attach to 安装上，系或缚上
look on 旁观
(be )at stake 濒临危险，生死攸关
  A hundred lives are at stake now. 
in detail 详细地
  The soldier reported what he had seen to the general in detail.
in time (for sb. to do ) 及时，赶上
  He is back in time for the meeting.
carry out 执行，贯彻
  He refused to carry out orders which he thought were wrong.
or so 大约，左右
  I need twenty or so students to help me.
work out 弄明白，推算出
  Can you work out the meaning of the word in this context?
hang up 挂上电话
  He hung up when he recognized the voice at the other end of the phone.
might (just) as well do sth . 不妨，不如
  Since you need the book badly, you might just as well buy a copy though it is expensive.

1.Dr. Heinrich Applebaum recently completed a study on the effects of television on children. It is not about violence, but about how television gives children a false sense of reality.

2.Dr. Applebaum told me, “The greatest danger of television is that it presents a world to children that doesn’t exist, and leads them to expect things that never happen.

3.“I don’t understand, Doctor,” I said.

4.“Well, let me give you one example. Have you ever seen a television show where a person in a car doesn’t immediately find a parking place on the very first try?

5.“Come to think of it,” I said , “I haven’t”

6.“Not only is there always a parking place, but the driver doesn’t even have to back into it.

7.There are two parking spaces for him when he needs one. Children are being led to believe that when they grow up they will always be able to find a parking place available when and where they want it. You can imagine how bad they will feel when they discover that in real life they can drive around a block for three hours and still can’t find a place to park their car.”(lead-led-led)

8.“ I never thought of it, but it’s true. What else do they show on television which gives a distorted picture of the real world?”

9.“Have you noticed that whenever a person walks out of a restaurant or office building and says to the doorman, “Get me a taxi, the taxi immediately arrives? I have never seen a TV show where the doorman has said, “I “ am sorry. I can’t get you a taxi. You’d better take the bus.”

10.“Of course,” I said , “ I never noticed that. There is always a yellow taxi waiting somewhere off the TV screen.”

11.“Now,” said Applebaum, “have you ever said to a taxi driver, ‘Follow that car and don’t lose him’?”

12.“Not really.”

13.“Well, if you had, the driver would have told you not to talk nonsense. No taxi driver wants to follow another car because that means he’s going to get into trouble. But on TV every taxi driver looks as if he had nothing better to do than to drive 90 miles an hour through rain-swept street trying to keep up with a carful of gangsters. And the worst thing is that the kids believe it.

14.“What else have you discovered?”

15.“Kids have a false sense of what emergency wards of hospitals are really like. On TV shows they take a kid to an emergency ward and four doctors come rushing down to bandage his leg. In a real life situation the kid would be sitting on the bench for two hours before he even saw a nurse. On TV there always happens to be a hospital bed available when a kid needs it. What the kids in this country don’t know is that sometimes you have to wait three days to get a hospital bed and then you have to pay 500 dollars down before they give it to you.”

16.Applebaum said the cruelest lie of all is when TV shows a lawyer defending someone innocent of a crime.

17.“ On the screen the lawyer spends day and night looking for evidence to prove the person is innocent. In real life the lawyer says to the defendant, ‘Look, I’ve got 20 minutes. Tell me your story and then I’ll plead you guilty and make a deal with the D.A.’ The defendant might say, ‘But I’m innocent.’ They lawyer would say, ‘So what? I can’t afford to find that out. I’m not Perry Mason.’”

18.“Then what you’re saying, Dr. Applebaum, is that it isn’t the violence on TV but the unreality that is doing harm to children.”

19.“Exactly. Even the advertisements are harmful. Children are led to believe that when grow up if they use a certain mouthwash they’ll find the mate of their dreams. When they don’t find him or her after washing their dreams. When they don’t find him or her after washing their mouth all night, they fall into a difficult situation and many of them never come out of it.”

Word list (单词表)

unreality  n.  不真实（性）
reality  n. 现实
violence  n.  暴力
present  v.  显示，展现；描述
show  n.  节目，表演
television show   电视节目
show  v.   上演（戏剧等），放映（电影）
park  v.  停放（车子等）
very  adv.  真正地，完全地
back  v.  使倒退，使后退；倒退，后退
available  adj.  可得到的；可利用的，现成的
block  n.  街区；建筑群
distorted  adj.   被歪曲的，被曲解的
doorman  n.  门卫
screen  n.  荧屏，屏幕
nonsense  n.  胡说八道，废话；无意义的话或行为
rain-swept  adj.  大雨滂沱的
gangster  n.  匪徒，歹徒
kid  n.  （口语）小孩；年轻人
bandage  v.  用绷带包扎
defend  v.  为……辩护
defendant  n.  被告
innocent  adj.   无罪的，无辜的
plead  v.  （法律）辩解
guilty  adj.  有罪的，内疚的
D.A.  abbr. （美District Attorney的缩写）地方检察官
harm  n.   损害，伤害
harmful  adj.  有害的
advertisement  n.  广告
mouthwash  n.  漱口剂；洗口药
mate  n.  伴侣
 
Proper Names  （专有名词）

Art Buchwald  阿特·布赫瓦尔德（人名）
Heinrich Applebaum 海因里希·阿普尔鲍姆（人名）
Perry Mason 佩里·梅森（人名）

Useful Expressions （常用短语）

not …but … 不是……，而是
not only …but (also) 不但……而且
cite an example 引用一个例子，举例
on the first try 第一次尝试
think of 考虑，想想；想到，想起
grow up 长大，成长
get into trouble 陷入困境，招惹麻烦
keep up with 赶上，跟上
be innocent of … 没犯……罪
make a deal (with) 做交易，达成协议
cannot afford sth./to do 没有足够的（钱、时间）做……
do harm /good to 对……有害（或益）
lead sb. (on ) to do 影响某人使其做某事，导致某人做某事
  Advertisements often lead people (on) to buy things they don’t need.
had better (do ) 应该做某事；最好做某事
  You’d better go and see a doctor right now.
  You’d better not tell him about it.
What …is /looks like   ……是何物，……是什么样子
  My grandfather never knew what a violin looked like.
  Tell us what your home village is like.
pay …down/pay down 付押金；付定金；即刻支付
  They can buy the car by paying 10% down and the rest within two years.

1.This year, my husband David and I celebrated the 22nd birthday of a man we had never met. His name was Tracy Bill Marsh, a tall handsome young man who worked in a pizza shop. Last summer, he was supposed to have been best man at his brother’s wedding. But on the night of December 8, 1992, Tracy got off work and stood in the pizza shop’s parking lot talking to friends. Tracy jumped up on the hood of a friend’s car, as they had done a hundred times before. This time, though, Tracy lost his balance and fell. His head struck the pavement, hard.

2.One of his friends rushed inside to call an ambulance, then he phoned Tracy’s father, Bill Marsh. Bill raced to the hospital, where he was joined by Tracy’s mother, Cory. She knew from the way the doctors talked that there was little hope. Tracy had a broken skull – one doctor said he had never seen one so bad.

3.Standing next to her son, Cory remembered that Tracy had once mentioned organ donation. Maybe I can spare another family this sorrow, she thought. When the time came, she and Bill signed the forms permitting his organs to be taken out.

4.Tracy Bill Marsh died the next day. Twenty-four hours later, in a Boston hospital, Tracy’s liver was transplanted into my husband, David, who was suffering from an incurable liver disease.

5.Months after his operation, David and I sent our unknown donor family letters in care of the New England Organ Bank. As information about donors was kept secret, we could not know where and to whom to send our thanks. But the donor’s parents wished to meet someone who had gained life through the gift of their son’s organs, so the organ bank agreed – for the first time – to bring together two families linked by the most bittersweet relationship.

6.We were to meet Bill and Cory Marsh in a hotel room about halfway between our homes. David and I arrived an hour before the meeting. I placed fresh flowers, drinks , cheese and crackers on a table.

7.When the door opened, my heart stopped. We saw a middle-aged couple. For a few seconds , we stood staring at one another. Then Cory and I hugged. Bill held out his hand to shake David’s. His grip was electric, and David could feel that he didn’t want to let go. Bill’s first words to David were “Are you okay?”

8.I hugged Bill and saw tears behind his glasses. “That’s it for the tears,” he said, smiling. But it wasn’t it.

9.We talked for 3 hours and a half. The Marshes showed us a picture of Tracy Bill. We learned for the first time how he had died – and something of how he had lived. He was a generous , good – hearted young man who loved the outdoors and was never happier than when he was working under the hood of his car. Evenings, Tracy and his friends would set up floodlights in the garage, and Bill and Cory would go to sleep listening to the boy’s laughter as they repaired cars. Carved on Tracy’s gravestone is a car rolling down a mountain road.

10.We learned something about Bill and Cory, too. Cory can’t bring herself to throw out Tracy’s best-loved pair of blue jeans, and she avoids the supermarket aisles that carry his favorite foods. Every morning, as she gets in her car for work, she says good morning to Tracy.

11.Bill and Tracy shared a love of stock-car racing. I said that David, while recovering from his operation, had renewed an old interest in stock-car racing. I mentioned that recently David got his crazy idea of talking a course somewhere down south where he could learn to drive a stock-car. Bill said instantly, “Tracy Bill would have loved that.”

12.When it was time to leave, we felt awkward. Enough had been disclosed about our lives to stay in touch. Now David and I know where to send our prayers. For the Marshes, seeing David and knowing he was well seemed to ease their suffering. I’ll never forget seeing the tall David bending over Cory, her arms stretched around his waist as a mother would bug a son. For a long time they held each other tight. It was hard to know if she was saying hello or good-bye.

13.Maybe she was saying both.

Word List （单词表）

pizza  n.  比萨饼
best man  n.  男傧相
parking  lot  n.  停车场
hood  n.  （美）（机动车辆的）发动机罩盖
though  adv.   尽管如此
balance  n.   平衡
pavement  n.  水泥地面；（英）人行道
skull  n. 头颅骨
organ  n.  器官
donation  n.  捐赠，捐献
donor  n.  （器官）捐献者
spare  v.  使免遭，免除
sorrow  n.  悲伤，悲痛
form  n.  表格
liver  n.  肝脏
transplant  v.  移植（器官、植物等）
incurable  adj.  不能治愈的，无可救药的
unknown  adj.  未知的
link  v.  连结，联系
bittersweet  adj.  （喻）苦乐交织的
relationship  n.  关系
halfway  adj&adv.  位于中途的（地），半路上的（地）
cracker  n.  薄脆咸饼干
middle-aged.  adj.  中年的
couple  n.  夫妻，一对男女；一对
hug  v.  拥抱
grip  n.   紧握，紧抓
electric  adj.  如受到电击般的，强烈的
generous  adj.  慷慨的，大方的
good-hearted  adj.  好心肠的，仁慈的
the outdoors  n.  户外，野外
floodlight  n.  强光灯
carve v.   刻，雕
gravestone  n.  墓碑
best–loved   adj.  最喜欢的
jeans  n.  （复）牛仔裤
avoid  v.  避开，躲避
supermarket  n.  超级市场
aisle  n.  （剧院、超市等的）通道，走道
stock-car  n.  比赛汽车
racing  n.  竞赛
renew  v.  恢复，重新开始；续订
take  v.  选（课）
course  n.  （大学等的）课程
instantly  adv.   立刻，马上
awkward  adj. 局促不安的，尴尬的
disclose  v.  透露，使……公开
prayer  n.   祈祷，祷告
ease  v.   使（痛苦、忧虑等）减轻或缓和
suffering  n.  （肉体或精神的）痛苦
stretch  v.   伸出或舒展（身体某部）
waist  n. 腰，腰部

Proper Names （专有名词）

Polly Bannister 波利·班尼斯特（人名）
Tracy Bill Marsh 特蕾西·比尔·马什（人名）
David 戴维（人名）
Bill Marsh 比尔·马什（人名）
Cory Marsh 科里·马什（人名）
Boston 波士顿（地名）
New England 新英格兰（地名）

Useful Expressions （常用短语）

be supposed to do sth. 应该做
get off work 下班
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
suffer from 患……病；因……而受苦
transplant into 把（器官）移植于
for the first time 第一次，首次
hold out one’s hand 伸出自己的手
set up 架起，树立起
bring oneself to do 使自己做……
it is time to do  该做……了
stay in touch 保持联系
(in) care of 或c/o  由……转交
  Write to me (in) care of Mr. Wang.
let go (of ) 放开，松手
  Let go of the little bird. You’re killing it.
  The baby grabbed his mother’s hair and wouldn’t let go.