直接引语与间接引语的区别和用法

定义：
直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。
　　　　　例：He said:" It is too late."
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
　　　　　例：He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题

第一：人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
例如：
直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
间接引语 She said she was hungry.

直接引语 Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself."
间接引语 Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.

第二：时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。

注意：
1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.

2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。
例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.

3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.

第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。

第四：句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。
如：She said:" I am a girl."
She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)

2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。
例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.

She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.

3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

4.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。
一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等
二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式
四去：去掉please
例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away."
He asked her not take the book away.

5.感叹句变为间接引语
"What awful weather it is!" she said.
She complained about the awful weather.

"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.
He praised me that I was a bright girl.