Naturalism, and Jean-François Millet 自然主义与米勒

Take a look at a style of art that tries to show things as they are.
看看自然主义如何呈现事物的自然风华。

by Matthew Brown

If you were setting out to create a painting of a subject, there would be many choices available to you. Take the idea of painting a bouquet of red roses for instance. You could choose to draw vibrant lines around and inside the flowers, giving the painting energy and movement. Or you could depict the roses using simple geometric shapes, something like what Picasso might have done. If you took either of these routes, your painting could turn out to be quite interesting. It would not, however, be a painting that could be described as being in a Realist or Naturalist style.
　　
"Naturalism," as well as "Realism" which it is often linked with, usually refers to a style of art that tries to show the object exactly as it is in real life. Sometimes artists who work in the style of Realism go so far as to try to trick the viewer into thinking the painting is the real thing.
　　
What makes Naturalism "different from Realism is that Naturalism puts an emphasis on nature. It says that objects should be painted realistically, as they appear, and that they should be displayed in a way that is true to nature. For most people, however, the difference between the two styles is not always very clear.
　　
The Naturalist movement took place in the 1800s, and it came about as a reaction against Romanticism. Romanticism describes an approach to painting in which the object is portrayed in the way the artist imagines it, with a great deal of style and emotion. In the end, the object usually looks quite different from how it would look to the eye in day-to-day life.
如果你要以某个题材着手作画，你有很多选择。就举画一束红玫瑰为例好了。你可以选择用生动笔触勾勒出玫瑰花里里外外的线条，赋予花朵生命力与动感。或者你可以用单纯的几何形状描绘出玫瑰，就如同毕加索的画法一样。如果你采取以上任何一种画法，作品会变得相当有趣。不过如此一来，你的作品就称不上是写实主义或自然主义画风。
　　
『自然主义』常与『写实主义』相提并论，通常都是指一种能忠实呈现主题在现实生活中模样的艺术风格。写实主义派画家有时甚至试着让观者相信画中的主题是真实的。
　　
自然主义与写实主义不同之处在于它强调自然，认为物体就该像眼前所见般被忠实呈现，并以忠于自然的方式绘制。然而对多数人来说，这两种风格的分别并不明显。
　　
自然主义运动发生于 19 世纪，是对浪漫主义的反动。浪漫主义以画家想象的方式来描绘主题，相当富有个人风格与情感。到最后，主题通常与现实生活中的样子相当不同。