1.Its function is to provide a mechanism for supplying for long periods of time —— 20 or 30 years —— the foreign exchange needed to rebuild and develop economies.其职能是为重建与开发经济所需的长期外汇——二十年或三十年——提供一种融资机制。

　　(1)句中的动词不定式短语to provide a mechanism for…做表语。

　　(2)句中的needed to rebuild and develop economies是由过去分词needed引导的过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰前面的foreign exchange。

　　2.It has been recognized that buying equipment from abroad provides a short cut to development, but that is impossible for a country without substantial exports to obtain the currency needed to buy such equipment.人们认识到，从国外购置设备是一条发展的捷径，但是，对于一个缺乏具体出口商品以获得购买此类设备所需外汇的国家来说，这是行不通的。

　　(1)It has been recognized that…句中的it是引导词，在句中做形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句。

　　(2)句中的that buying equipment from abroad provides…,(but) that is impossible for…是两个由that引导的并列主语。

　　(3)在that buying equipment from abroad provides…主语从句中，buying equipment from abroad是由buying引导的动名词短语，在从句中做主语。

　　(4)句中的needed to buy such equipment是过去分词短语，做后置定语。

　　3.Ten percent of the subscription was to be paid to the Bank in cash, and the remainder was to be paid if the Bank needed it to cover its financial problems.10%的股金用现金支付给世界银行，剩余的股金待碰到经济难题需要资金时再行支付。

　　(1)动词不定式to be paid to…和to be paid在句中做表语。

　　(2)句中的动词不定式短语to cover its financial problems做目的状语。

　　(3)it=funds资金

　　4.By charging interest on money contributed initially by member countries, the Bank has succeeded in roughly doubling these contributions.对使用会员国最初所捐赠的股金收取利息，世界银行已成功地将股金增长了近一倍。

　　(1)By charging interest on…是介词短语，在句中作状语。

　　charge vt.to set or ask (a given amount) as a price:索价，要价：要（定量的钱）作为收费：

　　例：charges ten dollars for a haircut

　　理一次发要价十美元

　　(2)contributed initially by member countries是过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰前面的money。

　　contribute vt.to give or supply in common with others; give to a common fund or for a common purpose捐资：与他人一起捐出或提供；为公共基金或共同目的捐献

　　contribution n.捐款，捐助；所捐之款，捐助物

　　(3)succeed vi.to accomplish something desired or intended（常与in连用）成功；达到； 完成：实现期望的或想要的某事物

　　例：The astronauts succeeded in returning from the moon to the earth according to the plan.

　　宇航员们按计划成功地从月球返回到地球。

　　(4)doubling是动名词，作介词in的宾语.

　　double vt.to make twice as great使加倍