Questions 11～15

It has been a lousy few years for much of the media, and 2008 has offered no respite. But to quote the hideous '70s band Bachman Turner Overdrive, b-b-b-baby, you just ain't see n-n-nothing yet.

Because on top of the wrenching change affecting essentially every non- online media, here comes a very scary-looking economic downturn.

Think of the recession, says Barclays analyst Anthony DiClemente, "as a vine growing up a wall. Except instead of a healthy vine, like at Wrigley [Field], it's like—'feed me, Seymour'—from The Little Shop of Horrors."

Forgive the surfeit of pop-culture jokes. I'm only trying to inject levity into an extremely grim picture. According to ad tracker TNS Media Intelligence, which provided all such figures for this column, automotive and financial services were the No. 1 and No. 3 U.S. ad categories last year. We all know what happened to the latter in recent months. In 2007, Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, and Washington Mutual spent $213.1 million on advertising. Even if those companies' new owners spend something to reassure old customers, you're likely looking at a nine-figure sum sucked out of the ad marketplace by those guys alone. And when major carmakers report sales drops of 30%, boffo ad buys do not follow. Ford Motor's ad spending was down over 31% for the first half of this year. Car sales' slide has accelerated since. In case you're wondering, the No. 2 ad category was retail, which is now under severe pressure as consumers spend less.

The consequences of all this contraction are readily apparent when you talk to key media executives. Magazines sell ads long before they appear, and advertisers already are making noises about cutting back in the first half of 2009, says one senior executive in that industry. "Everyone says they are going to keep advertising in a downturn," says another executive, who has run major sales organizations in different media. "But not everyone actually does it. That's just the reality of having to report earnings and profits." And while the wealthiest consumer may remain relatively untouched, those who have recently traded up to high-end products may slam the brakes on such consumption, raising chances that luxury advertisers will be affected, too. Food looks more likely to stay stable. One mordant TV executive puts it this way: "The auto industry is out. And Campbell's Soup is in."

How the dollars flow—or rather don't flow—in any downturn can shape events in ways obscured until much later. As strange as it sounds today, the tech bust that started in 2000 meant that total dollars spent on online display advertising declined 21% between 2001 and 2002. And as strange as it sounds today, many established media organizations used that decline as a rationale for deemphasizing the Web in favor of their traditional businesses—and underinvestment allowed all manner of Web-only startups to outflank them in the one medium that's still growing. While online display ads will still be up in '09, says BMO Capital Markets analyst Leland Westerfield, that growth rate will likely slow. Look for search advertising to hold up, so Google should be hurt the least.

Elsewhere, Barclay's DiClemente suggests, the slowdown's effects will move up a media ladder of sorts, starting with newspapers, magazines, radio, local TV, and then hitting broadcast and—possibly—cable TV. There's a "high probability," he says, that the "advertising malaise spreads to network TV"—the one long-running medium that's held steadiest as others have fallen off.

DiClemente is forecasting a 5.5% pullback in ad spending next year, with only Web and cable TV posting ad upticks. It may be hard to conjure a scenario worse than today's, given what radio, local TV, and newspapers are currently experiencing. This has been a year, in which many unthinkable things have happened— newspaper executives, for instance, mulling which days of the week they won't publish. But the coming downturn means that what once was unthinkable ... well, you better start thinking it.

11. Why does the author begin the article with '70s band Bachman Turner Overdrive?

A. To cite a lousy example.

B. To display the main idea of the article.

C. To exempllify the gist as following.

D. To show the overtone of irony.

12. What does the sentence "I'm only trying to inject levity into an extremely grim picture." (para. 4) imply?

A. Along with the economic downturn, less money will be sucked out of the ad marketplaces.

B. Jokes can relieve tension on ad industry.

C. Car industry will put less money on advertisements.

D. Financial services are speanding less to reassure old customers.

13. TV executive says: "The auto industry is out. And Campbell's Soup is in.", because___.

A. Cash-rich consumers will remain untouched in sluggish economy.

B. People will pay more attention on food than automobiles.

C. Luxuries will lose some of the buyers while necessities of existence still cover big market share.

D. Ad industry should pay more attention to ordinary people's life.

14. What does the word "rationale" in the sentence "many established media organizations used that decline as a rationale for deemphasizing the Web in favor of their traditional businesses" mean?

A. Decrease

B. Excuse

C. Opportunity

D. Challenge

15. Why does the author say Google should be hurt the least?

A. Because Google shows the strongest profit-making trend.

B. Because Google does search advertising business.

C. Because search advertising is the only medium outrunning traditional ones.

D. Because search advertising will attract more investment.

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