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综合英语语法复习指南

作者:stephen    文章来源:方向标英语网    点击数:    更新时间:2009-3-25 【我来说两句


     有些名词一般只有单数形式,它们通常是表示物质和抽象概念的不可数名词,像 :advice , baggage , bread , corn , clothing , equipment , education , fun , furniture , fruit , garbage , grass , happiness , homework , housework , humanity , information , knowledge , landscape , laughter , machinery , mankind , merchandise , money , music , nonsense , nature , population , progress , scenery , smoke , sweat , strength , traffic , thunder , ink , jewellery , damage , mail , work , soap , sugar , gold , chalk , cloth , anger , applause , cake , chocolate , poverty 等。例如 :
    I must seek the advice of a specialist in the matter of the transfer of property rights.
    Headache is the most common disease of human.
    I really get a lot of fun from reading in leisure time.
    The population of Shanghai is very big.
     有些名词单复数的含义不同,使用时要根据上下文的意思进行选择。这类词包括 :communication( 通讯 )-communications( 通讯系统,通讯工具 ) , cloth( 布 )-clothes( 衣服 ) , content( 内容 )-contents( 目录 ) , convenience( 便利 )-conveniences( 便利设备 ) , humanity( 人类 )-humanities( 人文科学 ) , necessity( 需要 )-necessities( 必需品 ) , wood( 木材 )-woods( 树林 ) , pain( 疼痛 )-pains( 辛劳 ) , ruin( 毁灭 )-ruins( 废墟,遗迹 ) , sand( 沙子 )-sands( 沙滩 ) , work( 工作 )-works( 工厂,著作 ) 等。例如 :     “Hometown” is one of Lu Xun's most famous works.
    The insurance company paid $121 , 700 in damages for the accident.
    My child enjoys pIaying on the sands.
    No pains , no gains.
     有些名词一般只有复数形式。如 :fundamentals( 基本原则 ) , goods( 货物 ) , means( 方法 ) , shorts( 短裤 ) , sweets( 欢乐 ) , valuables( 贵重物品 ) 等。
    The fundamentals are made to guarantee the social stability.
    Don't take any valuables there for the sake of safety.
    The goods we purchased from him aren't expensive.
    I think our problem can solved by means of negotiation.
     名词做定语时,不能用作复数。例如 :
    Please check your examination paper carefully after finishing it.
    The China's Central Television station supplies weather report everyday.
    You'd better infom my family members before leaving for Beijing.
    The United States and Germany are two member states of NATO .
     复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数。如 :looker(s)-on , runner(s)-up ,
    son(s)-in-law , editor(s)-in-chief , passer(s)-by , grand-child(ren) , armyman(armymen) ,
    room-number(s) , shoe lace(s) , dinner plate(s) , blood type(s) 等。如果没有主体名词,就在最后一个词上加复数词尾。如 :go-between(s) , drawback(s) 等。注意以 man , woman 构成的复合名词,全部变成复数。如 :man-servant---men-servants , woman-soldier---women-soldiers 。例如 :
    Would you bring me some dinner plates?
    We had a wonderful talk with some women-soldiers.
    Don't regard yourselves as passers-by under such circumstances.

    We are of different blood types.
     名词的所有格一般在词尾加 's ,已有复数词尾 -s 的,只加 ' 。例如 :
    We must work hard to fulfil the country's plans.
    The school is within a stone's throw .
    Nearby are her relative' houses.
     Could you tell me the Smith's address?

 

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