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综合英语语法复习指南

作者:stephen    文章来源:方向标英语网    点击数:    更新时间:2009-3-25 【我来说两句

例如 :
    Our football team was defeated again , which shows our players need much more effort.
    The factory now has over l,000 workers , half of whom are women.
    He promised to tell us all that he knew .
    Whose turn to make presentation is beyond me.
    8 连接代词有 :what , who , whom , whose , which ,用来连接主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。 Whoever , whomever , whichever , whatever 为复合代词。例如 :
    I didn't know what to do at that very moment.
    The government sells public houses to whoever provides enough amount of money.
    Whomever I worry about is none of your business.
    Take whichever you like , please.
形容词与副词
     形容词与副词在语法结构上都有比较级和最高级,它们的构成方法基本上一样,都与音节多少有关,有些形容词相副词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式。二者基本分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式。
    1. 形容词与副词的用法
    l   形容词中有词形相近的,应注意区别。如 :
considerate( 周到的,体贴的 )--considerable( 应考虑的 )   例如 :
    We did enjoy our staying in Beijing , and Mrs. Yan is really considerate Professor.     It's a considerable success for him. eminent( 闻名的 )--imminent( 紧迫的 ) , gracious( 亲切的 )--graceful( 优雅的 ) ,live( 有生命的 )--aIive( 活的 ) , industrious( 勤劳的 )--industriaI( 工业的 ) , like( 同样的 )--alike( 同样的,仅作表语 ) , opposite( 相对的 )--opposing( 反对的 ) , perspective( 透视的 )--respective( 各自的 ) , sensitive( 伤感的 )--sensible( 明显的 ) , etc 。
    2)   形容词中有的词义相近的,也要注意。如
elemental( 初步的 )--fundamental( 基本的 ),eligible( 合格的 )--capable( 能干的 ) ,    flexible( 灵活的 )--changeable( 可改变的 ) , initial( 最初的 )--preliminary( 初步的,预备的 ) , slack( 松弛的 )--lazy( 懒惰的 ) , vaIueless( 无价值的 )--priceless( 无价的 ) , vivid( 生动的 )--living( 活的 ) , etc 。
  例如 :
    Henry's speech was so vivid that his audience applauded again and again.
    It is easier adapt to new situation if one has a flexible attitude. We have finished the preliminary exam .
    Your suggestion is priceless , and I will consider it carefully.
    3) 有些词尾为 -ly 的并非副词,而是形容词 , 如 :lovely , likey , deadly , earthly( 现世的 ) ,  leisudy( 空闲的 ) , weekly , yearly , manly( 丈夫气概的 ) , brotherly , friendly 等。例如 :
    What a lovely girl! Jenny is always ready to help others.
    China Daily is of course a daily newspaper but not a weekly one. He is a very friendly young man. As he didn't have any experience , he was likely to have problems.
     以下情况形容词常用于 后置 :1) 形容词短语,即形容词十副词,介词短语或不定式。 2) 一些表语性形容词要后置,如 :present , available , involved , concerned , etc 。 3) 形容词修饰不定代词 something , anything , everything 时要后置。例如 :
    There was something nice about my feeling that she knew all.
    I came across another question hard to answer then .
    I wondered if there was a room available.
      副词的位置 为 : 修饰哪个词就放在哪个词前面 ; 放在系动词和助动词之后,行为动词和分词之前。例如     I had a only five-dollar bill with me when I boarded the townward train.
    The old law was instituted to protect the long neglected rights of children.
    I can hardly believe that he is the murderer.
    Although he has advantages , it is still too early to say that he is sure to win.
    2. 比较级与最高级的基本形式和用法
     形容词的比较级和最高级的构成为 : 单音节词一般在词尾加 -er 和 -est 。 如果以 -e 结尾,仅加 -r 和 -st;   如末尾仅有一个辅音字母,须双写词尾再加 -er 和 -est; 如果以 y 结尾的,把 y 变 i ,加 -er , -est; 多音节单词和双音节词 ( 其中包括由分词和分词演变而来的形容词,如 :known , worn , wounded , shocking , striking , interesting , e.ct. 则在其前加 more 和 most; 有些形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,如 :good(well)-better-best , bad(ill)-worse-worst , many(much)-more-most , little-less-least , far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest) 。

 

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