Who will go is not important.  
　What we need is more practice.  
　Whoever is here gets a prize.  
　Whatever I have done is only for you.  
　When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided.  
　Why he failed the physics exam wasn't clear.　  
　Where he has been is still a puzzle.  
　How Thomas Edison became a great inventor is known to all.  
　2）it做形式主语  
　 由于主语从句位于句首，句子常显得笨重，因此常把它移至句子后部，句首用引导词it来作形式主语。如：  
　It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.  
　It's reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident.  
　It doesn't matter whether he'll come or not.  
　It happened that I didn't take any money with me.  
　It seems that our football team will win the match.  
　2，表语从句
　表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。如：The question is whether she can speak English.
　1) 引导表语从句的词有：
　连词：that, whether, as if
　代词：what, who, which
　副词：when, where, how, why
　例如：
　That is what we need.
　The problem was who could do the work.  
　That is where he was born.
　This is how she did it.
　That is why he was late.
　The trouble is that she has lost his address.
　The question is whether it is worth doing.
　3，宾语从句
　宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
　I wonder who he is.
　He is sorry for what he has done.
　1）引导宾语从句的词有：
　连词：that, whether, if
　代词：who, whose, what, which
　副词：when, where, how, why
　例如：
　I think (that)watching TV too much is bad for people's health.
　I wonder if you can do me a favour.
　I wonder what has happened to her.
　I don't know which school he is in.
　Do you know who has taken my dictionary away.
　He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
　I wonder why she refused my invention.
　Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?
　Do you know when he will leave for Hong Kong?
　Would you please tell me how I can finish the work in the shortest possible time.
　Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.  
　It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not.
　I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.
　I'm sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
　We are glad that our football team has won the match.  
　I am anxious that he will be able to pass the exam.  
　2) that的省略
　A．在口语及非正式文体中，that常省略。如：
　I'm afraid (that)I can't accept your invitation.  
　B．that不能省略的情况：
　一、句中的动词后接两个或两个以上的that从句作宾语时，第一个that可省，但后面的that 不可省。如：
　He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand.
　二、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如：
　Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.  
　三、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如：      
　I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.  
　四、当that宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时，that 不可省。如
　I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
　I consider it necessary that we should spend more time practicing spoken English.  
　I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.
　3) 宾语从句的时态
　一、主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。
　He says his father is/was a teacher.
　I’m sure that you’ll succeed.
　二、主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句谓语动词一般须用过去时。
　I thought he studied hard.
　He said he was watching TV.
　They didn’t know when they would go to Beijing.
　She said she had finished the work..
　注：从句如果与某一具体的过去时间状语连用，尽管其谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，仍用一般过去时。
　She told me that her father died in 1991.
　三、从句所说明的是一般真理或客观事实，即使主句用过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。
　The teacher told the students that the computer is a wonderful machine.
　4，同位语从句
　在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：
　I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
　I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。
　1）可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如：
　l've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon．　　
　我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
　2）引导同位语从句的词有
　连词 that，whether
　连接副词 how,when,where等。如：
　l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
【重点难点点拨】  
　1，名词性从句的语序
　名词性从句在句子中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分则和陈述句语序相同，而同学们在学习中最容易把它当成疑问句语序，特别是以wh-引起的名词性从句。如：
　（1）We don't know when will she come.(误)
　　 　We don't know when she'll come. (正)
　（2）How will the book sell depends on its writer. (误)
　　　How the book will sell depends on its writer. (正)
　（3）Who the accident caused is a complete mystery.(误)
　　　Who caused the accident is a complete mystery. (正)
　第3句的who 作从句的主语。
　2，名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用
　1) 在动词suggest，insist，order，advise， require，desire等后的宾语从句中，谓语用虚拟语气。例如：
　The teacher suggested we（should）carry out the experiment in time．
　I insisted that you（should）be there on time．
　注：当suggest表“暗示、表明”，insist表“坚持认为”时，用陈述语气。如：
　His pale face suggested that he was ill．
　He insisted that he heard someone in the next room．
　2）在advice，suggestion，order等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，也应用虚拟语气。如：
　His advice is that we（should）go to the cinema tonight． （表语从句）
　The order that the work（should）be started at once has been given．（同位语从句）
　3，Whether 与 If  的使用
　whether与if在高中英语出现得比较多，但多数同学仍对他们的使用不甚了解，尤其在一些练习题的选项里同时出现，大多数同学经常选错。现将whether与if 的用法分析归纳如下：
　 1）Whether与if的相同点
　 一、whether与if均可引导宾语从句，二者可替换。如：
　I asked the teacher whether／if it was true．我问老师这是否是真的。
　 二、whether与if都可引导主语从句，whether从句可放在句首或句末；而if从句一般放在句末。如：whether they wi11 come is unknown．＝It is unknown whether／if they'll come. 他们是否会来还不知道。
　 三、在be + 形容词之后，如：
　　He was not sure whether(if) it is right or wrong.
　2）只用whether，不用if的情况
　一、引导表语从句。如：
　The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai.问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。
　二、引导同位语从句。如：
　The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.
　这个问题是否正确还没讨论。
　we ought to discuss the question carefully whether we'll attend the meeting or not
　我们应该认真讨论一下，我们是否参加会议的问题。
　三、用作介词宾语（介词往往可以省略）。如：
　It all depends on whether they'll help us.　　这完全取决于他们是否帮助我们。
　 四、和不定式连用。如：
　Please tell me whether to go there.　　请告诉我是否去那儿。
　五、与or not连用，引导状语从句，表示"不管与否"、"不论与否"之意。如：
　The meal will be ready for her whether she comes or not．不论她来不来，把饭给她准备好。
　六、与or连用，构成句型"whether...or…"意为"不管……还是……"。如：
　Whether he will come himself or send a person is unimportant。
　不管是他本人来还是派人来并不重要。
　 七、宾语从句位于句首(起强调作用)时。如：
　whether they can help us，I don't know yet．　　他能不能帮我们，我还不知道。
　 八、在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都可用，否则，只用whether 如：
　Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
　It hasn't been decided whether(if) we shall attend the meeting.
　 九、引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。如：
　Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.
　 十、 用if 引起歧义时。如：
　Please let me know if you like it.
　（请告诉我你是否喜欢。/ 如果你喜欢，请告诉我。）
　若用whether就不会有第一层意思。
　3）只用if不用whether的情况
　引导否定形式的宾语从句。如：
　I don't care if he doesn't come．他来不来我不在意。
　4，what与that的区别
　1）在名词性从句中what可以作主语、宾语或表语，这时what具有两个含义：
　a．保留疑问，即“什么”的意义；
　b．相当于all／everything，常译成“……的（东西／事）”。如：
　Can you tell me what your name is？你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？
　What she wants to know is which dress she should buy．她想知道的是她应买哪件衣服。
　2）在名词性从句中that只是一种说明性连接词，它在从句中不作任何句子成分，也无任何意义。如：
　That the earth turns around the sun is known to all．
　The trouble is that he has never done the work before．
　3）在名词性从句的引导词中只有 that，而且是只有在引导宾语从句时才可以省略。如：
　I think（that）watching TV too much is bad for one's health．
　5，wh-疑问词与“疑问词＋ever”的区别
　what等连接代词或副词常只保留本身疑问的含义；而whatever等连接代词或副词则主要用以加强语气。如：
　Who can work out this problem is not known．谁能解出这道题，目前还不清楚。
　Whoever can work out this problem will be praised．任何一个能解出这道题的人都会受到表扬

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