4 ）不定式作定语
     不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：
     第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如：
    There was really nothing to fear.     He gave me an interesting book to read.
     如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如：
    Mary needs a friend to play with.     That girl has nothing to worry about.
    They have a strict teacher to listen to .
    Although the film had been on for ten minutes, I still was not able to find a chair to sit on.
     第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语。例如：
    Have you got a key to unlock door?
    The action to be taken is correct.
    There is nothing to be gained by pretending.
     第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词，如 ability, attempt, effort, impulse, inclination, wish 等。例如：
    Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her.
    I have no wish to quarrel with you.
    Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.
     （ 5 ）不定式作状语
     不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语：
    They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
    =They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area.
    He was lucky to arrive before dark.
     作目的状语：
    She raised her voice to be heard better.   =She raised her voice so that she could be heard better.
    We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam.
    =We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the fraffic jam.
     作结果状语：
    The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians.
    He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
    =He got to the station and was told that the train had gone.
    3. 不带 to 的不定式的使用
     动词不定式通常带 to ，但有些搭配中不带 to ，在另一些搭配中可带 to 可不带 to 。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带 to 不定式：
    1 ）在 can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must, need, dare 等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带 to 。
    2 ）在表示感觉意义的动词，如 see, feel, watch, notice, smell, hear, observe 等后，或是表示 “ 致使 ” 意义的动词，如 have, let, make 等后，动词不定式不带 to 。例如： I often heard him say that he would study hard.
    I must have him see his own mistakes.
     但是，当这类结构转移为被动语态时，后面的不带 to 不定式一般转换为带 to 不定式。
     例如：     He was often heard to say that be would study hard.
    After he had finished the speaking, he was made to answer innumerable questions.
    3 ）在动词 help 之后可用不带 to 和不定式，也可用带 to 的不定式。例如：
    help the old lady(to)carry the heavy box.
    4 ）在 had better, would rather, may/might as well, rather than, cannot but 等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带 to 。例如：
    Unless you feel too ill to go out, I would rather not stay at home tonight.
    She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.

上一页  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]  ... 下一页  >>