4. 动名词的逻辑主语问题 动名词,顾名思义,具有名词的特点,即可以加物主代词和名词的属格来表示其逻辑主语(这时动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致)。如果动名词的逻辑主语就是句子主语,则前面不用加物主代词或名词的属格。例如: The watchman reported finding the door open. =The watchman reported that he had found the door open. 此外, finding 的主语与主句主语一致,都是 the watchman ,所以 finding 前不加物主代词。 I appreciated very much your helping me through the tough period. 此处, helping 的主语是 you ,而主语是 I ,两者不一致,所以 helping 前的物主代词 your 不能省略。 一般说来,能带动名词作宾语的动词都可以根据语义意图在动名词之前加上或略去逻辑主语。但有些动词,如 excuse, forgive, pardon 等,其后的动名词结构总是带有逻辑主语的。这些逻辑主语通常由名词或代词宾格表示,也可由名词属格或形容词性物主代词表示。例如: I do mind people smoking in public places. (名词宾格作逻辑主语) We don't understand him needing so much money. (代词宾格作逻辑主语) I will never forgive his betraying me by breaking his promise. (物主代词作逻辑主语) Mary excused the boy's upsetting the ink. (名词属格作逻辑主语) 前后呼应 1. 主谓一致的基本原则: 主谓一致有以下三条原则: 1) 语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致。例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式。 The students are very young. This picture looks beautiful. 2) 意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式;而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式。 The people in that country are fighting for independence. The crowd deeply respect their leader. Three years in a strange land seems a long time. 3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单数和复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如: Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy. 2. 主谓一致的用法 根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有以下用法: 1) 下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式 a. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如: Two hundred miles is a long distance. Ten dollars is a high price for that book. b. 由 anyone, anything, anybody, no once, nothing, everyone, everybody , everything, someone, somebody, each, either, neither Someone is knocking at the door. Anything is better than going to the movie tonight. c. 由 “a series of, a kind of, a portion of+ 名词 ” 作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式。例如: A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week. d. 由 “many a, more than one+ 单数名词 ” 作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但 谓语动词仍采用单数形式 。例如: Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break. There is more than one answer to your question. e.“ 名词 +and + 名词 ” 作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: A writer and educator is giving a lecture now. (这个人既是作家又是教育家) f.“either(neither)+of+ 复数名词(或代词) ” 作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: If either of you takes a vacation now, we will not be able to finish the work. Neither of them wants to come. g. 在 each…and each…,every…and every… 等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式。例如: Each man and each woman has the right to vote.
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