10 )当陈述部分带有 need 时,反意疑问部分需视 need 的含义而定。如果 need 用作情态动词,则反意疑问部分用 need 形式;如果 need 用作实义动词,表示 “ 需要 ” ,则反意疑问部分用 do 形式。例如: You needn't go there, need you? She needs to fo there, doesn't she? Plants need sun to grow, don't they? 11 )当陈述部分带有 I'd better 或 I'd rather 时,反意疑问部分用 hadn't 或 wouldn't 。例如: You'd better finish the task before tomorrow, hadn't you? He'd rather stay with us, wouldn't he? 12 )当陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问部分一般用 will you , won't you, would you 。例如: Don't be too late, will you? Close the door, won't you? Come here, will you? Open your books, would you? 当陈述部分是以 Let's 开头的祈使句时,反意疑问部分用 shall we ;若是以 Let us 开头的祈使句,反意疑问部分则用 will you 。例如: Let's have a party tonight, shall we? Let us have a look at you pictures, will you? 注意,如果祈使句是否定形式,那么反意疑问句只能用 will you 。例如: Don't forget to bring your notebooks here tomorrow, will you? 分词 1. 分词的形式 这里所讲的分词包括 -ing 分词和 -ed 分词,即传统意义上的现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形 +-ing 构成(如 listening );过去分词通常由动词原形 +-ed 构成(如 listened ),也有不规则形式(如 go-gone )。现代英语的绝大多数都是规则动词,不规则的只是少数。
2. 分词的基本用法 分词在句中通常可以用作表语、定语、补语和状语。下面按照现在的分词和过去分词的用法分别作介绍。 现在分词的基本用法: 现在分词表示主动的意义;表示一般性的或正在进行的动作;在表面形式上有 “ 一般式 ” 和 “ 完成式 ” 与 “ 主动式 ” 和 “ 被动式 ” 之分。 1 )作表语 现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的特征。例如: This story quite interesting. The journey without you will be boring. 2 )作定语 现在分词可以单独作定语,也可以构成合成词作定语,但在更多的情况下是分词短语作定语,包括限定性和非限定性(用逗号与其他部分分开),在意义上相当于一个定语从句。现在分词作定语通常带有主动意义和未完成意义。例如: The man following was obviously in a hurry 。(现在分词单独作定语) They acted just like a conquering army 。(现在分词单独作定语) Do you know the man standing over there by the motor car? (分词短语作限定性定语。) Last night, we caught a thief stealing John's bike. (分词短语作限定性定语) 3 )作宾语补足语 a. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如 hear, feel, find, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe, smell see 等词的宾语可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。例如: I noticed him slipping away before the end of the meeting. I can smell turkey roasting, and it's making me hungry. b. 表示 “ 致使 ” 等意义的动词,如 catch, get, have, leave, set 等词的宾语可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。例如: Please don't keep the machine running while you are away.
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